Nonelectroactive obtains extracellular electron transfer-capability after forming chimera with .

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) of microorganisms is a major driver of the microbial growth and metabolism, including reactions involved in the cycling of C, N, and Fe in anaerobic environments such as soils and sediments. Understanding the mechanisms of EET, as well as knowing which organisms are EET-capable (or can become so) is fundamental to electromicrobiology and geomicrobiology. In general, Gram-positive bacteria very seldomly perform EET due to their thick non-conductive cell wall.

[Treatment option for unexplained primary infertility following failed intrauterine insemination].

Objective: To determine an optimal insemination technique for unexplained infertility patients undergoing IVF or ICSI following failed intrauterine insemination (IUI).

Methods: Sixty-five cycles of 61 patients with failed IUI were divided into four groups: Group A (37 cycles of IVF), Group B (19 cycles of ICSI), Group C (4 cycles of IVF and ICSI: half and half), Group D (5 cycles of ICSI after failed IVF). The conventional IVF cycles were defined as Group E (37 cycles), and the conventional ICSI cycles defined as Group F (24 cycles).

[In vitro maturation, fertilization and embryo transfer of human immature oocyte].

Objective: To try a new method for treating infertile women by in vitro maturation technique.

Methods: To set up in vitro maturation (IVM) program, including stimulating regimen, oocyte retrieval technique, and culture system of the immature oocytes with the medium consisted of essential supplements and human mature follicular fluid. IVM was performed in 30 infertile patients (35 cycles), (1) with polycystic ovary syndrome (POCS) (14/30), (2) ovary hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in the previous stimulating cycles (6/30), and (3) retardation of the oocyte growth in conventional IVF cycles (10/30).