from sheep herds around water tributaries of the Malakand region of Pakistan.

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of infections in sheep herds around tributaries in Pakistan and to evaluate the influence of potential risk factors. In total, 448 samples from 26 sheep herds were screened microscopically and then confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 18S SSU rRNA gene. Our result revealed that, out of 448 samples, 107 were found positive by microscopy and 77 positive by PCR, with prevalence rates of 23.

Alternate-day fasting delays pubertal development in normal-weight mice but prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity and precocious puberty.

Background/objectives: Childhood obesity, particularly in girls, is linked to early puberty onset, heightening risks for adult-onset diseases. Addressing childhood obesity and precocious puberty is vital to mitigate societal burdens. Despite existing costly and invasive medical interventions, introducing lifestyle-based alternatives is essential.

Detail computational study about the structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of RbVX (Cl, Br, I) halide perovskite materials.

The non-toxic nature of lead-free materials with cubic perovskite structure has attracted the researcher's attention, and huge work is ongoing for the search of such materials. Furthermore, due to demand for their utilization in diverse applications, such as photovoltaic and optoelectronics, these inorganic-halide materials have become more enchanting for engineers. In the present work, all the key properties, including structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical, of rubidium based RbVX (where X is chlorine, bromine, and iodine) materials were extensively studied first-principle density functional theory (DFT).

Antimicrobial Usage and Detection of Multidrug-Resistant : Methicillin- and Tetracycline-Resistant Strains in Raw Milk of Lactating Dairy Cattle.

is a prominent cause of food-borne diseases worldwide. Enterotoxigenic strains of this bacteria are frequently found in raw milk, and some of these strains are resistant to antimicrobials, posing a risk to consumers. The main objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of in raw milk and to detect the presence of and genes in it.

Investigation of structural, opto-electronic and thermoelectric properties of titanium based chloro-perovskites XTiCl (X = Rb, Cs): a first-principles calculations.

Perovskites are a significant class of materials with diverse uses in modern technology. The structural, electronic, elastic, thermoelectric, and optical properties of RbTiCl and CsTiCl perovskites were estimated using the FP-LAPW method within the framework of density functional theory. The exchange-correlation energy of both analyzed systems was calculated using the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) functional.

Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of Titanium Based Fluoro-Perovskites MTiF (M = Rb and Cs) via Density Functional Theory Computation.

This study reports the theoretical investigations on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of titanium-based fluoro-perovskites MTiF (M = Cs and Rb) using density functional theory. The impact of on-site Coulomb interactions is considered, and calculations are performed in generalized gradient approximation with the Hubbard term (GGA + ). The ground state parameters, such as lattice constants, bulk modulus, and pressure derivatives of bulk modulus, were found.

Anti-diabetic Activity of Brucine in Streptozotocin-Induced Rats: , , and Studies.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex and multiple group of disorders, and understanding the molecular mechanisms is a key role in identifying various markers involved in the diagnosis of the disease. Brucine is derived from the seeds of L. (Loganiaceae), which has been used in traditional medicine to cure a variety of ailments, such as chronic rheumatism, nervous system diseases, dyspepsia, gonorrhea, anemia, and bronchitis, and has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-snake venom, and anti-diabetic properties.

Evaluation of the Individual Activity Descriptors of the mMRC Breathlessness Scale: A Mixed Method Study.

Purpose: The modified-Medical Research Council (mMRC) breathlessness scale consists of five grades that contain of a description of different activities. It has wide utility in the assessment of disability due to breathlessness but was originally developed before the advent of modern psychometric methodology and, for example contains more than one activity per grade. We conducted an evaluation of the mMRC structure.

The prevalence, risk factors analysis and evaluation of two diagnostic techniques for the detection of Cryptosporidium infection in diarrheic sheep from Pakistan.

Background: Cryptosporidium spp. is recognized as an opportunistic zoonotic parasite that infects humans as well as wild and domestic animals. This enteric protozoan is a major cause of diarrhea in humans and animals and often result in death due to severe dehydration.

Analyzing the Check-In Behavior of Visitors through Machine Learning Model by Mining Social Network's Big Data.

The current article paper is aimed at assessing and comparing the seasonal check-in behavior of individuals in Shanghai, China, using location-based social network (LBSN) data and a variety of spatiotemporal analytic techniques. The article demonstrates the uses of location-based social network's data by analyzing the trends in check-ins throughout a three-year term for health purpose. We obtained the geolocation data from Sina Weibo, one of the biggest renowned Chinese microblogs (Weibo).

The TRIFLOW study: a randomised, cross-over study evaluating the effects of extrafine beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium on gas trapping in COPD.

Background: The effects of triple therapy on gas trapping in COPD are not fully understood. We evaluated the effects of the long acting bronchodilator components of the extrafine single inhaler triple therapy beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol/glycopyrronium (BDP/F/G) pMDI on gas trapping.

Methods: This open-label, randomised, single centre, 2-way cross-over study recruited 23 COPD patients taking inhaled corticosteroid combination treatments and with residual volume (RV) > 120% predicted at screening.

FEV recovery following methacholine challenge in asthma: Variability and comparison of methods.

Background: Methacholine challenges have been used in clinical trials to assess therapeutic effects and potential adverse reactions of interventions on pulmonary function in a sensitive population, such as in subjects with asthma. Here, we evaluate the variability of the methacholine challenge recovery model, and compare the results obtained for both incremental and bolus challenge methods.

Methods: The extent, time course and variability of change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) following repeated methacholine challenges in subjects with mild asthma were investigated in an open-label, four-period, fixed-sequence, two-method, replicate crossover study.

A phase 1/1b study of PUR1900, an inhaled formulation of itraconazole, in healthy volunteers and asthmatics to study safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics.

Aims: Oral itraconazole has variable pharmacokinetics and risks of adverse events associated with high plasma exposure. An inhalation formulation of itraconazole (PUR1900) is being developed to treat allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, an allergic inflammatory disease occurring in asthmatics and patients with cystic fibrosis.

Methods: A 3-part, open-label Phase 1 study was conducted to evaluate safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of PUR1900.

Increased type 2 inflammation post rhinovirus infection in patients with moderate asthma.

Rhinovirus (RV) infections are a major cause of exacerbations in patients with asthma. Experimental RV challenges can provide insight into the pathophysiology of viral exacerbations. Previous reports, investigating mild or moderate asthma patients, have shown an upregulation in type 2 inflammation post RV infection, however, studies specifically involving asthma patients taking inhaled corticosteroids have concentrated on symptoms and lung function, rather than the inflammatory response.

The Manchester Respiratory-related Sleep Symptoms scale for patients with COPD: development and validation.

Background: In COPD disturbed sleep is related to exacerbation frequency, poor quality of life, and early mortality. We developed the Manchester Respiratory-related Sleep Symptoms scale (MaRSS) to assess sleep-time symptoms in COPD.

Methods: Focus groups including COPD and age-matched controls were used to develop an item-list, which was then administered to COPD patients and age-matched controls in a cross-sectional study.

Association between bacterial strain type and host biomarkers in Clostridium perfringens infected goats.

The study project was designed to determine the effects of Clostridium perfringens type D infection on hematological and biochemical parameters in goats. Purposive blood samples were collected from 6 healthy and 12 diseased goats positive for C. perfringens infection.

The development and first validation of the Manchester Early Morning Symptoms Index (MEMSI) for patients with COPD.

Aim: Early morning symptoms (EMS) in people with COPD are associated with poor health, impaired activities and increased exacerbation risk. We describe the development and preliminary validation of the Manchester Early Morning Symptom Index (MEMSI) to quantify EMS in COPD.

Methods: Focus groups and cognitive debriefing with patients with COPD were used to develop the potential item list, followed by a cross-sectional study to finalise the items for inclusion.

Systematic literature review of patient-reported outcome measures used in assessment and measurement of sleep disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Sleep problems are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the validity of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that measure sleep dysfunction has not been evaluated. We have reviewed the literature to identify disease-specific and non-disease-specific sleep PROMs that have been validated for use in COPD patients. The review also examined the psychometric properties of identified sleep outcome measures and extracted point and variability estimates of sleep instruments used in COPD studies.

Corticosteroid insensitive alveolar macrophages from asthma patients; synergistic interaction with a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor.

Aims: Some asthma patients remain symptomatic despite using high doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). We used alveolar macrophages to identify individual patients with insensitivity to corticosteroids and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor combined with a corticosteroid on these cells.

Methods: Alveolar macrophages from 27 asthma patients (classified according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) treatment stage.

Diesel exhaust particle exposure in vitro alters monocyte differentiation and function.

Air pollution by diesel exhaust particles is associated with elevated mortality and increased hospital admissions in individuals with respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. During active inflammation monocytes are recruited to the airways and can replace resident alveolar macrophages. We therefore investigated whether chronic fourteen day exposure to low concentrations of diesel exhaust particles can alter the phenotype and function of monocytes from healthy individuals and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.