Publications by authors named "Naima Jahan"
Background: CD4+ T cells expressing α4β7 are optimal targets for HIV infections, with higher pre-HIV α4β7hi expression linked to increased HIV acquisition and progression in South African women. However, similar associations were not observed in men who have sex with men (MSM) or people who inject drugs (PWID) in the Americas, indicating need for further research.
Methods: This retrospective case-control study enrolled heterosexual men and women from South Africa (HIV Vaccine Trials Network; HVTN 503) and East Africa (Partners Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/Couples' Observational Study; PP/COS), quantifying α4β7 expression on CD4+ T cells as a predictor of subsequent HIV risk using flow cytometry analyses.
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have shown high efficacy in clinical trials, yet a full immunologic characterization of these vaccines, particularly within the human upper respiratory tract, is less well known. Here, we enumerate and phenotype T cells in nasal mucosa and blood using flow cytometry before and after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (n = 21). Tissue-resident memory (Trm) CD8 T cells expressing CD69CD103 increase in number ~12 days following the first and second doses, by 0.
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- - Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for maintaining tissue balance, with a study in Nairobi revealing a significant correlation between Treg levels in the endocervix and blood in women, highlighting a higher frequency of Tregs in the endocervix.
- - Most Tregs in both tissues expressed the FOXP3 marker, and endocervical Tregs showed higher CTLA-4 levels compared to blood, which might indicate enhanced functionality in this area.
- - The study suggests that increasing endocervical Treg proportions could potentially help lower inflammation in the genital tract, as higher Treg levels were linked to decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and lower CD4+ T cell abundance in the endocervix
The expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) by reactive astrocytes is a major factor contributing to glial scarring and regenerative failure after spinal cord injury, but the molecular mechanisms underlying CSPG expression remain largely undefined. One contributing factor is transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), which is upregulated after injury and has been shown to induce expression of CSPGs in vitro. TGFβ typically mediates its effects through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway, and it has been suggested that this pathway is responsible for CSPG expression.
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