Sildenafil in Cystic Hygroma.

Cystic hygroma is a benign congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Most of the cystic hygromas are found in the neck; other rare locations include axilla, mediastinum, and limbs. Symptoms range from mere presence of lesions to gross morbidity secondary to compression of adjacent organs, infection, hemorrhage etc.

Bilateral gangrene of lower limbs in a neonate.

Limb gangrene in a neonate is an extremely rare clinical problem and bilateral symmetrical lower limbs type is even rarer. Only few clinical cases have been reported thus far with idiopathic etiology or associated with rare conditions. Known causes in literature are sepsis, extravasation of intravenous fluid, following a complicated delivery and secondary to invasive monitoring.

Risk factors and mortality among newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension.

Objective: To determine the risk factors for persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborns (PPHN) and their influence on mortality.

Methods: This was an observational study conducted at The Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan, from July 2011 to June 2012.All admitted babies who had respiratory distress, cyanosis and evidence of hypoxia on ABG,s were diagnosed provided that they were having right- to- left or bidirectional hemodynamic shunting at the ductus arteriosus or at patent foramen ovale along with Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) jet >40 mm of Hg on echocardiography.