Efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and its different modes in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

Objective: To see the efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation therapy and its different modes in trigeminal neuralgia, refractory or partially responsive to drug therapy and to find out the comparative effectiveness of different modes of TENS therapy in these cases.

Methods: This was a prospective analytical study, conducted at Rabia Moon Institute of Neurological Sciences over a period of one year. Thirty one patients diagnosed as suffering from trigeminal neuralgia according to International Headache Society Criteria, either Classic Trigeminal Neuralgia (CTN) or Symptomatic Trigeminal Neuralgia (STN) were randomly subjected to two different modes of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) therapy.

A case of Hirayama disease in Pakistan.

We report a case of Hirayama disease in a 23 year old male presenting with weakness of right hand and forearm. The weakness started gradually, progressed over a period of 12 months and stabilized. Few months after the onset of right-sided weakness, he noticed weakness in the left hand and forearm which increased over a period of 3 months before stabilizing.