Carnosine Synthase (ATPGD) Alleviates Lipid Peroxidation Under Transcriptional Control by an -like Gene in .

As an important mollusk in reef ecosystems, forms pro-survival symbiotic relationships that hinge on an exquisite redox equilibrium between the host and the photosynthetic symbiont, zooxanthellae. The exact regulatory mechanisms thereof remain poorly understood. In this study, a novel Nfe2-like transcription factor in was identified and characterized with respect to its antioxidant and cytoprotective roles.

Neuraminidase-1 (NEU1): Biological Roles and Therapeutic Relevance in Human Disease.

Neuraminidases catalyze the desialylation of cell-surface glycoconjugates and play crucial roles in the development and function of tissues and organs. In both physiological and pathophysiological contexts, neuraminidases mediate diverse biological activities via the catalytic hydrolysis of terminal neuraminic, or sialic acid residues in glycolipid and glycoprotein substrates. The selective modulation of neuraminidase activity constitutes a promising strategy for treating a broad spectrum of human pathologies, including sialidosis and galactosialidosis, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and pulmonary disorders.

Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Preventive Effect of Chinese Medicine.

Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a pathological process involving multiple injury factors and cell types, with different stages. Currently, protective drugs targeting a single condition are limited in efficacy, and interventions on immune cells will also be accompanied by a series of side effects. In the current bottleneck research stage, the multi-target and obvious clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine (CM) is expected to become a breakthrough point in the research and development of new drugs.

Discovery of Artemisinins as Microsomal Prostaglandins Synthase-2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer via Chemoproteomics.

Colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. While artemisinin (ART), a key active compound from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb , has been recognized for its antiproliferative activity against colon cancer cells, its underlying molecular underpinnings remain elusive. Whereas promiscuity of heme-dependent alkylating of macromolecules, mainly proteins, has been seen pivotal as a universal and primary mode of action of ART in cancer cells, accumulating evidence suggests the existence of unique targets and mechanisms of actions contingent on cell or tissue specificities.

Mn/CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Codecorated Black Phosphorus Nanosheet Platform for Enhanced Antitumor Potency in Multimodal Therapy.

Manganese ions (Mn)-coordinated nanoparticles have emerged as a promising class of antitumor nanotherapeutics, capable of simultaneously disrupting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and triggering the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway-dependent antitumor immunity. However, the activation of STING signaling by Mn-based monotherapies is suboptimal for comprehensive stimulation of antigen presenting cells and reversal of immunosuppression in the TME. Here, we report the design of a Mn/CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) codecorated black phosphorus nanosheet (BPNS@Mn/CpG) platform based on the Mn modification of BPNS and subsequent adsorption of synthetic CpG ODNs.

Deciphering the pivotal role of people with high-frequency occupational animal exposure in antibiotic resistance transmission between humans and animals.

Background: The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among humans and food-producing animals has been widely reported. However, the transmission routes and associated risk factors remain incompletely understood.

Methods: Here, we used commensal Escherichia coli bacteria strains from faeces of pigs and local citizens [HEG: high exposure group (pig breeders, butchers or restaurant chefs) and LEG: low exposure group (other occupations)] to explore the dynamics of ARB and ARG transmission between animals and humans.

Alternaphenol B2, a new IDH1 inhibitor from the coral-derived fungus SCSIO SX7W11.

A new aromatic polyketide, alternaphenol B2 (), and four known compounds () were isolated from the coralderived fungus SCSIO SX7W11. Their structures were elucidated by high-resolution mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and comparison with reported literatures. Compounds and exhibited selective inhibitory activity against isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant R132H (IDH1m), with IC values of 41.

ROS/RNS as molecular signatures of chronic liver diseases.

The liver can succumb to oxidant damage during the development of chronic liver diseases. Despite their physiological relevance to hepatic homeostasis, excessive reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production under pathological conditions is detrimental to all liver constituents. Chronic oxidative stress coupled to unresolved inflammation sets in motion the activation of profibrogenic hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and later pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.

Hippo dictates signaling for cellular homeostasis and immune defense in hemocytes.

Introduction: The Hippo signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade that plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. It has been shown to be a key regulator of cell fate and cellular homeostasis in various immune processes. Despite its well-established functions in vertebrate immunity, its roles in marine invertebrate immunity remain poorly understood.

Visualizing Cardiolipin In Situ with HKCL-1M, a Highly Selective and Sensitive Fluorescent Probe.

Reliable probing of cardiolipin (CL) content in dynamic cellular milieux presents significant challenges and great opportunities for understanding mitochondria-related diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes mellitus. In intact respiring cells, selectivity and sensitivity for CL detection are technically demanding due to structural similarities among phospholipids and compartmental secludedness of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here, we report a novel "turn-on" fluorescent probe for detecting CL in situ.

Metagenomic evidence for antibiotics-driven co-evolution of microbial community, resistome and mobilome in hospital sewage.

Overconsumption of antibiotics is an immediate cause for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), though its environmental impact remains inadequately clarified. There is an urgent need to dissect the complex links underpinning the dynamic co-evolution of ARB and their resistome and mobilome in hospital sewage. Metagenomic and bioinformatic methods were employed to analyze the microbial community, resistome and mobilome in hospital sewage, in relation to data on clinical antibiotic use collected from a tertiary-care hospital.

Sulfoxanthicillin from the deep-sea derived Penicillium sp. SCSIO sof101: an antimicrobial compound against Gram-positive and -negative pathogens.

Natural products along with their analogs have been intensively explored for their antimicrobial potential against 'ESKAPE' pathogens. Herein, we report a new natural product with strong antibacterial activity, sulfoxanthocillin (1), along with its decomposed product peniformamide (2), and the known compound xanthocillin X (3) from the deep-sea derived Penicillium sp. SCSIO sof101.

Surface-wettable nonenzymatic fiber-optic sensor for selective detection of hydrogen peroxide.

A micro-nanostructure-based surface-modified fiber-optic sensor has been developed herein to selectively detect hydrogen peroxide (HO). In our design, phenylboronic ester-modified polymers were used as a modified cladding medium that allows chemo-optic transduction. Sensing is mechanistically based on oxidation and subsequent hydrolysis of the phenylboronic ester-modified polymer, which modulates hydrophobic properties of fiber-optic devices, which was confirmed during characterization of the chemical functional group and hydrophobicity of the active sensing material.

Evolutionarily Ancient Caspase-9 Sensitizes Immune Effector Coelomocytes to Cadmium-Induced Cell Death in the Sea Cucumber, .

Heavy-metal pollution has increasingly jeopardized the habitats of marine organisms including the sea cucumber, a seafloor scavenger vital to seawater bio-decontamination, ocean de-acidification and coral-reef protection. Normal physiology including immune functions of sea cucumbers is toxicologically modulated by marine metal pollutants such as cadmium (Cd). The processes underpinning Cd's toxic effects on immune systems in the sea cucumber, , are still poorly understood.

Harnessing stepping-stone hosts to engineer, select, and reboot synthetic bacteriophages in one pot.

Advances in synthetic genomics have led to a great demand for genetic manipulation. Trimming any process to simplify and accelerate streamlining of genetic code into life holds great promise for synthesizing and studying organisms. Here, we develop a simple but powerful stepping-stone strategy to promote genome refactoring of viruses in one pot, validated by successful cross-genus and cross-order rebooting of 90 phages infecting 4 orders of popular pathogens.

Blue or Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Release of Halogens via Blebbistatin Photocage.

Photocages can provide spatial and temporal control to accurately release the various chemicals and bioactive groups when excited by light. Although the absorption spectra of most photocages are in the ultraviolet absorption region, only a few absorb in the visible or near-infrared region. Blebbistatin () would release a hydroxyl radical under blue one-photon or two-photon near-infrared light (800 nm) irradiation.

Visualizing nitroreductase activity in living cells and tissues under hypoxia and hepatic inflammation.

Detecting nitroreductase (NTR) activity in hypoxic cells and tissues represents an important step toward accurate delineation of hypoxic disease loci. However, it remains challenging to develop fluorescent probes with the necessary attributes of selectivity, sensitivity, precise targeting and aqueous solubility. Herein, two kinds of fluorescent probes (NNP and cRGD-NNP) built on a 2-nitroimidazole sensing platform were synthesized for the detection of NTR activity in cell and models of hypoxia.

IS Veers Genomic Plasticity and Genetic Rearrangement toward Carbapenem Hyperresistance under Sublethal Antibiotics.

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative carriers of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) often subvert antibiotic therapy due to inadequate sensitivity in laboratory detection. Although unstable gene amplification has been recognized to crucially contribute to underestimation or misestimation of antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates, the precise mechanisms underlying carbapenem resistance driven by amplification of remain obscure. Here, we reported that IS-mediated amplification of rapidly and robustly gave rise to carbapenem hyperresistant phenotypes in an Escherichia coli clinical strain following sublethal meropenem or tobramycin preexposure.

Resistance traits and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from an intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Guangdong, southern China.

Purpose: This study aims to characterize antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of all the non-duplicated Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from an intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital during the period of January 1 to December 31, 2015.

Methods: A. baumannii (n = 95 strains) isolated from patients was subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) by Vitek 2 Compact system to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations, followed by genotyping by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR).

Comparative Genomics Reveals Evolutionary Drivers of Sessile Life and Left-right Shell Asymmetry in Bivalves.

Bivalves are species-rich mollusks with prominent protective roles in coastal ecosystems. Across these ancient lineages, colony-founding larvae anchor themselves either by byssus production or by cemented attachment. The latter mode of sessile life is strongly molded by left-right shell asymmetry during larval development of Ostreoida oysters such as Crassostrea hongkongensis.