Recurrent Pneumocephalus due to over Draining Thecoperitoneal Shunt in a Patient with Multiple Skull base Defects.

We report a case of recurrence pneumocephalus in a 42-year-old man who underwent transnasal CSF leak repair for left lateral sphenoid meningocele, with thecoperitoneal(TP) shunt. The pneumocephalus was attributed to negative intracranial pressure created by an over draining shunt in the presence of multiple skull base defects.

Mirizzi Syndrome: An Unusual Complication of Cholelithiasis.

Mirizzi syndrome is a rare condition caused by the obstruction of the common bile duct or common hepatic duct by external compression from multiple impacted gallstones or a single large impacted gallstone in Hartman's pouch. The condition can easily be confused with choledocholithiasis, bile duct stricture or cholangiocarcinoma due to the presence of obstructive jaundice hence may be overlooked due to the rarity of the condition. The incidence of Mirizzi syndrome among patients with gallstones is reported to range from 0.

A Rare Presentation of Recurrent Diverticulitis in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis.

Unlabelled: Diverticulitis and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two separate colonic pathologies with different underlying mechanisms. Diverticulosis involves herniation of mucosal and submucosal tissue through muscular tissue in response to increased intraluminal pressure. In contrast, it is believed that the muscular tone in patients with UC is reduced due to chronic inflammatory changes.

Omentoplasty to reduce anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis.

Background: Anastomotic leaks (AL) remain a devastating complication following intestinal anastomoses resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Wrapping the anastomosis with omentum may be protective although data are conflicting. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effect of omentoplasty on colorectal anastomoses.

Incidence of Clostridioides difficile in patients post loop ileostomy reversal in an Australian tertiary hospital: a retrospective study.

Introduction: The purpose of a loop ileostomy is to temporarily divert faeces away from a distal anastomosis, to reduce the consequences of anastomotic leak. This ultimately requires a second procedure to restore bowel continuity, which confers risk of complications including the development of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). It is hypothesized that patients who undergo loop ileostomy reversal are at increased risk of CDI when compared with other patients undergoing elective colorectal surgical procedures, and that these patients also experience an increased length of stay (LOS).

Prophylactic mesh placement at index permanent end colostomy creation to prevent parastomal hernia-an updated meta-analysis.

Background: Debate persists regarding the efficacy of prophylactic mesh insertion (PMI) at index permanent stoma creation to reduce the rate of parastomal hernia (PSH). This meta-analysis aimed to appraise all the latest evidence from newly published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on PMI for PSH prevention.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant articles from inception until November 2020.

Delay to Adjuvant Chemotherapy: Survival and Recurrence in Patients of Rectal Cancer Treated with Neo-adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and Surgery.

Purpose: This aim of the study is to evaluate the survival function and hazard risks of delayed adjuvant chemotherapy (ChT) to distant recurrence risk in patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgery.

Methods: A single tertiary hospital retrospective cohort study of a duration of 5 years between January 2012 and December 2016 was performed. As no previous study shown a temporal relationship of delay to adjuvant/systemic ChT leading to increased risk of metastatic disease, we compared between our proposed cut-off with the median and mean value determined by our dataset.

Evolution of Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases: 8-Year Single-Institutional Experience.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Peritoneal metastases carry the worst prognosis among all sites of colorectal cancer metastases. In recent years, the advent and acceptance of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy have greatly improved survival for selected patients with low-volume peritoneal metastases.

Risk Factors Associated With Circumferential Resection Margin Positivity in Rectal Cancer: A Binational Registry Study.

Background: Rectal cancer outcomes have improved with the adoption of a multidisciplinary model of care. However, there is a spectrum of quality when viewed from a national perspective, as highlighted by the Consortium for Optimizing the Treatment of Rectal Cancer data on rectal cancer care in the United States.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess and identify predictors of circumferential resection margin involvement for rectal cancer across Australasia.

Innovative approach for prevention and treatment of post subarachnoid hemorrhage vasospasm: A preliminary report.

More than one third of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) develop clinically significant vasospasm, as a leading morbidity and mortality factor for these patients. It is widely accepted that a) Degradation products of blood are the causative factors of vasospasm b) The amount of subarachnoid blood seen on admission CT is correlated to the risk of vasospasm c) Reducing the subarachnoid clot burden at the time of surgery reduces the risk of vasospasm. But there is no existing method to clear the blood from subarachnoid spaces satisfactorily.

Bilateral transplantation of allogenic adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the subventricular zone of Parkinson's disease: a pilot clinical study.

The progress of PD and its related disorders cannot be prevented with the medications available. In this study, we recruited 8 PD and 4 PD plus patients between 5 to 15 years after diagnosis. All patients received BM-MSCs bilaterally into the SVZ and were followed up for 12 months.

The acceptability and efficacy of a group cognitive behavioural therapy programme in a community mental health setting.

This paper presents data on a patient evaluation of a group cognitive behavioural therapy programme in an applied setting and its efficacy for reducing generalised anxiety and or depression, and distress. Patients (n=14) participated in one of two 8-week group cognitive behavioural therapy programmes for generalised anxiety or depression, within a mental health service. Patients’ perceptions of the programme were collected via an evaluation questionnaire, and data on clinical outcomes were sourced from patients’ case notes.

Diffusion tensor imaging in spinal cord injury.

Background And Purpose: To assess the feasibility of spinal tractography in patients of spinal cord injury vs a control group and to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) values between the groups.

Materials And Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in the spinal cord of 29 patients (18 patients and 11 controls). DTI was done in the cervical region if the cord injury was at the dorsal or lumbar region and in the conus region if cord injury was in the cervical or dorsal region.

Fulminant hepatic failure after repeated exposure to isoflurane.

Inhalational agents are used routinely for maintenance of anaesthesia. Post anaesthesia hepatic failure has been documented following exposure to halothane. However, there are very few reports of such complications following isoflurane anaesthesia.

Establishment of a brain tumor tissue repository in India: maintaining quality standards.

Tumor tissue repositories (TTRs) play a pivotal role in both basic and translational research by acting as a conduit to facilitate innovative research, thereby providing solutions to treat the incurable disease--'Cancer'. One of the fundamental requirements to achieve this goal would be the acquisition of high quality tumor tissue specimens that are stored in such a manner that its integrity is preserved. Further, a quality system should be in place that assures the compliance of procedures that are the key to a smooth functioning of all the inter-related departments that play a key role in the entire operations.

Recurrent cerebral larva migrans: A case report and review of literature.

Cerebral larva migrans (CLM) is an uncommon and rarely diagnosed entity. We report here a histopathologically proven case of CLM in a 13 year-old girl, who presented with bilateral focal seizures, right hemiparesis, and lapsed into altered sensorium prior to admission. Her CT scan was suggestive of a granulomatous lesion which eventually turned out to be CLM (toxocariasis).