Point contact-restricted cAMP signaling controls ephrin-A5-induced axon repulsion.

Signal transduction downstream of axon guidance molecules is essential to steer developing axons. Second messengers including cAMP are key molecules shared by a multitude of signaling pathways and are required for a wide range of cellular processes including axon pathfinding. Yet, how these signaling molecules achieve specificity for each of their downstream pathways remains elusive.

Immersive interfaces for clinical applications: current status and future perspective.

Digital immersive technologies have become increasingly prominent in clinical research and practice, including medical communication and technical education, serious games for health, psychotherapy, and interfaces for neurorehabilitation. The worldwide enthusiasm for digital health and digital therapeutics has prompted the development and testing of numerous applications and interaction methods. Nevertheless, the lack of consistency in the approaches and the peculiarity of the constructed environments contribute to an increasing disparity between the eagerness for new immersive designs and the long-term clinical adoption of these technologies.

Virtual reality validation of naturalistic modulation strategies to counteract fading in retinal stimulation.

. Temporal resolution is a key challenge in artificial vision. Several prosthetic approaches are limited by the perceptual fading of evoked phosphenes upon repeated stimulation from the same electrode.

Naturalistic spatiotemporal modulation of epiretinal stimulation increases the response persistence of retinal ganglion cell.

Retinal stimulation in blind patients evokes the sensation of discrete points of light called phosphenes, which allows them to perform visually guided tasks, such as orientation, navigation, object recognition, object manipulation and reading. However, the clinical benefit of artificial vision in profoundly blind patients is still tenuous, as several engineering and biophysical obstacles keep it far away from natural perception. The relative preservation of the inner retinal neurons in hereditary degenerative retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa, supports artificial vision through the network-mediated stimulation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).

Gene Editing Preserves Visual Functions in a Mouse Model of Retinal Degeneration.

Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a large and heterogeneous group of degenerative diseases caused by mutations in various genes. Given the favorable anatomical and immunological characteristics of the eye, gene therapy holds great potential for their treatment. Our goal is to validate the preservation of visual functions by viral-free homology directed repair (HDR) in an autosomal recessive loss of function mutation.

Capacitive-like photovoltaic epiretinal stimulation enhances and narrows the network-mediated activity of retinal ganglion cells by recruiting the lateral inhibitory network.

Unlabelled: Photovoltaic retinal prostheses theoretically offer the possibility of stand-alone high-resolution electrical stimulation of the retina. However, achieving focused epiretinal stimulation is particularly challenging because of axonal activation and electrical cell coupling. Recent evidence shows that long electric pulses permit a more focal activation of retinal ganglion cells, and non-rectangular waveforms induce higher network-mediated indirect activity.

Design and validation of a foldable and photovoltaic wide-field epiretinal prosthesis.

Retinal prostheses have been developed to fight blindness in people affected by outer retinal layer dystrophies. To date, few hundred patients have received a retinal implant. Inspired by intraocular lenses, we have designed a foldable and photovoltaic wide-field epiretinal prosthesis (named POLYRETINA) capable of stimulating wireless retinal ganglion cells.