Clinical importance of cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) and vitamin D levels among patients with Type-1 diabetes.

Type-1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by impaired insulin release by islet β cells. It has been shown that proinflammatory cytokines released during the disease can exacerbate the condition, while anti-inflammatory cytokines offer protection. This study analyzed the clinical role of interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -10, and vitamin D levels in T1D patients compared to healthy controls.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria in COVID-19 patients.

Bacterial coinfection among patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a critical medical concern that increases the disease severity and mortality rate. The current study is aimed at evaluating the effects of bacterial coinfections among COVID-19 patients, especially in relation to degree of severity and mortality. A retrospective study was conducted for patients with positive COVID-19 test, admitted to a regional COVID-19 hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between May and August 2020.

Comparison of Hematological Parameters Between Survivors and Non-Survivors COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a communicable disease transmitted through the respiratory route and bodily contact. The severity of infection and mortality rate of COVID-19 cases was significantly high in the initial stages of the pandemic. This study aims to investigate the hematological profile of COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors.

Hemoglobin Levels, Anemia, and Their Associations with Body Mass Index among Pregnant Women in Hail Maternity Hospital, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The level of association between hemoglobin level/anemia and obesity during pregnancy is not yet fully understood. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hail Maternity Hospital in northern Saudi Arabia from March to May 2023 to assess the associations between hemoglobin levels, anemia, and obesity among pregnant women. Reproductive history was gathered through a questionnaire.

In Vitro Antiproliferative Apoptosis Induction and Cell Cycle Arrest Potential of Saudi Sidr Honey against Colorectal Cancer.

A range of natural products have been extensively studied for their chemopreventive potential for cancer, including those that inhibit growth and induce apoptosis. Sidr honey derived from the or tree (, , or ) is used in a wide range of traditional medicine practices. In the current study, the Saudi Sidr honey was analyzed by means of a GC-MS chromatogram and investigated for its antiproliferative effects on colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116), breast cancer cells (MCF-7), and lung cancer cells (A-549), as well as its apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest potentials against human colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116).

Effects of Repeated in-vitro Exposure to Saudi Honey on Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics and Biofilm Formation.

Introduction: Although Sumra and Sidr Saudi honey is widely used in traditional medicine due to its potent activity, it is unknown whether its prolonged usage has impact upon bacterial virulence or leading to reduced antibiotic sensitivity. Thus, the study aims to investigate the effect of prolonged (repeated) in-vitro exposure to Saudi honey on the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria.

Methods: Several bacteria, including , and , were in-vitro exposed ten times [passaged (P10)]to Sumra and Sider honey individually to introduce adapted bacteria (P10).

The Typical Patterns of Lymphomas in Northwestern Saudi Arabia.

Background: Lymphoma is one of the leading cancers in Saudi Arabia. Because there is a paucity of data about the prevalence of lymphomas in Saudi Arabia, numerous extensive investigations are still required. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the common patterns of lymphomas in Northwestern Saudi Arabia.

Phytochemical Characterization of Saudi Mint and Its Mediating Effect on the Production of Silver Nanoparticles and Its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities.

The green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is attracting enormous attention as a new area of study that encompasses the development and discovery of new agents for their utilization in different fields, such as pharmaceuticals and food. Nowadays, the use of plants, particularly medicinal plants, for the creation of NPs has emerged as a safe, ecofriendly, rapid, and simple approach. Therefore, the present study aimed to use the Saudi mint plant as a medicinal plant for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of AgNPs compared to mint extract (ME).

Proof of concept nanotechnological approach to in vitro targeting of malignant melanoma for enhanced immune checkpoint inhibition.

Immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, have limitations in their effective treatment of malignancies. The immunosuppressive environment associated with the tumor microenvironment may prevent the achievement of optimal outcomes for immune checkpoint inhibitors alone, and nanotechnology-based platforms for delivery of immunotherapeutic agents are increasingly being investigated for their potential to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. In this manuscript, nanoparticles were designed with appropriate size and surface characteristics to enhance their retention of payload so that they can transmit their loaded drugs to the tumor.

Increased inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress enhanced antibody production in breast and prostate cancer patients with COVID-19 related depression.

Cancer management is highly dependent on the immune status of the patient. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of people suffered from anxiety and depression, especially cancer patients. The effect of depression on breast cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PC) patients, during the pandemic has been analyzed in this study.

Pharmacological Evaluation of Flower Extract against and Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vitro and In Silico.

The resistance of cancer and to several drugs reflects a worldwide problem, and it has been the intention of numerous researchers to overcome this problem. Thus, in this study, fruits were subjected to HPLC analysis to detect their phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Moreover, 's anti- activity and its inhibitory activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2 cells) were reported.

Novel phytochemical inhibitors targeting monkeypox virus thymidine and serine/threonine kinase: integrating computational modeling and molecular dynamics simulation.

Due to the rapid spread of the monkeypox virus and rise in the number of cases, there is an urgent need for the development of effective drugs against the infection. Serine/threonine protein kinase (Ser/Thr kinase) and Thymidine Kinase (TK) plays an imperative role in the replication and virulence of monkeypox virus and thus is deliberated as an attractive target in anti-viral drug development. In the present study, the 3D structure of monkeypox virus Ser/Thr kinase and TK was generated via molecular modeling techniques and performed their thorough structural analysis.

Antimicrobial Potential of Seed Extract against Pathogenic Bacteria: In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation.

Clinical multi-drug-resistant bacteria continue to be a serious health problem. Plant-derived molecules are an important source of bioactive compounds to counteract these pathogenic bacteria. In this paper, we studied the chemical composition of the methanol (80%) extract from seed (Hail, Saudi Arabia) and its ability to inhibit the growth of clinically relevant multi-drug-resistant bacteria.

The Frequencies of ABO and Rh Phenotypes among Male Blood Donors in Northwestern Saudi Arabia.

Background: Transfusion-dependent patients in Saudi Arabia are numerous because of the existence of life-threatening inherited diseases such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Thus, analysis of the frequencies of the ABO and rhesus (Rh) phenotypes is vital. This study sought to evaluate the frequencies of the ABO and Rh phenotypes among male blood donors in Hail region.

Synthesis, Molecular Docking Study, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Some Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole as Well as 1,3-Thiazole Derivatives Bearing a Pyridine Moiety.

Pyridine, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, and 1,3-thiazole derivatives have various biological activities, such as antimicrobial, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and antitubercular, as well as other anticipated biological properties, including anticancer activity. The starting 1-(3-cyano-4,6-dimethyl-2-oxopyridin-1(2)-yl)-3-phenylthiourea () was prepared and reacted with various hydrazonoyl halides - α-haloketones -, 3-chloropentane-2,4-dione and ethyl 2-chloro-3-oxobutanoate , which afforded the 3-aryl-5-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles - 3-phenyl-4-arylthiazoles - and the 4-methyl-3- phenyl-5-substituted thiazoles , respectively. The structures of the synthesized products were confirmed by spectral data.

Presence of Circulatory Autoantibodies Against ROS-Modified Histone H1 Protein in Lymphoma Patients.

Lymphoma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which the immune system is highly affected. Increased oxidative stress is one of the common conditions of cancer and affects macromolecules. Histone modifications affect the chromatin structure and functions.

Cytotoxic Activity, Cell Cycle Inhibition, and Apoptosis-Inducing Potential of (Lady Fern) with Its Phytochemical Profiling.

In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of ethanolic extract (AHEE) on the proliferation of breast, lung, and colon cancer cells. The AHEE was tested for its effect on the progression of the cell cycle, followed by induction of apoptosis determination by flow cytometry. Real-time qRT-PCR was also utilized to observe the initiation of apoptosis.

Awareness and Practice of COVID-19 Precautionary Measures Among Healthcare Professionals in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the backbone of the healthcare system and a skilled and healthy workforce is vital during a health crisis, such as the present coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Healthcare workers are at higher risk of exposure to and transmission of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hence, HCWs should possess good knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 to protect not only themselves but also their colleagues, families and the larger community.

Is sputum cytology reliable for detection of atypical lung epithelial proliferative changes triggered by cigarette smoking?

Background: In recent years, Saudi Arabia has witnessed major tobacco smoking-related disease, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, particularly among the younger population.

Methodology: The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of cigarette smoke on lung epithelial cells.

Results: This was a cross-sectional case-control study involving 300 apparently healthy volunteers living in Ha'il, Northern Saudi Arabia.

Knowledge and practice of personal protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emergent infectious pathogen causing an acute respiratory disease called corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Virus transmission may occur by contact, droplet, airborne or via contaminated surfaces. In efforts to effectively control the COVID-19 outbreak, the world health organization (WHO) and the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) have advised the public to practice protective measures to reduce transmission of the virus and reduce incidence of infection.

The Utility of Nucleolar Organizer Regions Quantitation in Early Prediction of Lung Neoplastic Transformation.

Background:  Cancer burden can be reduced by early detection of early neoplastic changes applying suitable screening methods. This study aimed to assess the utility of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) quantitation in early prediction of lung neoplastic transformation.

Methodology: This study investigated 200 apparently healthy individuals categorized into two groups; smoking exposed individuals (N=100), and were categorized as cases, and smoking nonexposed (N=100), and were ascertained as controls.

Public Perceptions and Commitment to Social Distancing "Staying-at-Home" During COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: Social distancing measures, such as stay-at-home, are currently implemented to control the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the awareness and adherence of the Saudi population to these measures.

Methods: A web-based questionnaire was designed with 16 questions (eight questions related to demographics, three related to the awareness of social distancing (stay-at-home) and five related to the overall practice of social distancing).

Acetylcholine Inhibits Monomeric C-Reactive Protein Induced Inflammation, Endothelial Cell Adhesion, and Platelet Aggregation; A Potential Therapeutic?

In this study, we examined the possibility of using targeted antibodies and the potential of small molecular therapeutics (acetylcholine, nicotine and tacrine) to block the pro-inflammatory and adhesion-related properties of monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP). We used three established models (platelet aggregation assay, endothelial leucocyte binding assay and monocyte inflammation via ELISA and Western blotting) to assess the potential of these therapeutics. The results of this study showed that monocyte induced inflammation (raised tumor necrosis factor-alpha-TNF-α) induced by mCRP was significantly blocked in the presence of acetylcholine and nicotine, whilst tacrine and targeted antibodies (clones 8C10 and 3H12) had less of or no significant effects.

Thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives are potent anti-platelet drugs, inhibiting platelet activation, aggregation and showing synergy with aspirin.

Drugs which inhibit platelet function are commonly used to prevent blood clot formation in patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) or those at risk of stroke. The thieno[3,2-c]pyridine class of therapeutic agents, of which clopidogrel is the most commonly used, target the P2Y receptor, and are often used in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Six thieno[2,3-b]pyridine were assessed for in vitro anti-platelet activity; all derivatives showed effects on both platelet activation and aggregation, and showed synergy with ASA.