Glutathione peroxidase 4 overexpression induces anomalous subdiffusion and impairs glioblastoma cell growth.

Glioblastoma tumors are the most common and aggressive adult central nervous system malignancy. Nearly all patients experience disease progression, which significantly contributes to disease mortality. Recently, it has been suggested that recurrent tumors may be characterized by a ferroptosis-prone phenotype with a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) expression.

Surgical management of skull base and spinal chordomas: A case series with comprehensive review of the literature.

Background: Chordomas are rare, slow growing, locally aggressive malignant bone tumors that arise from remnants of the embryonic notochord with variable presenting symptoms depending on tumor location.

Methods: All patients with craniospinal chordoma managed at our institution between 1982 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, tumor characteristics, clinical course and treatment, and long-term neurological and survival outcomes were collected.

Vertebral hemangiomas: a review on diagnosis and management.

Background: Vertebral hemangiomas (VHs) are the most common benign tumors of the spinal column and are often encountered incidentally during routine spinal imaging.

Methods: A retrospective review of the inpatient and outpatient hospital records at our institution was performed for the diagnosis of VHs from January 2005 to September 2023. Search filters included "vertebral hemangioma," "back pain," "weakness," "radiculopathy," and "focal neurological deficits.

Rare variant of large pediatric glioneuronal tumor with novel MYO5A::NTRK3 fusion: illustrative case.

Background: Glioneuronal tumors (GNTs) comprise a rare class of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms with varying degrees of neuronal and glial differentiation that predominately affect children and young adults. Within the current 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors, GNTs encompass 14 distinct tumor types. Recently, the use of whole-genome DNA methylation profiling has allowed more precise classification of this tumor group.

Survival and neurological outcomes following management of intramedullary spinal metastasis patients: a case series with comprehensive review of the literature.

Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM), though rare, represents a potentially debilitating manifestation of systemic cancer. With emerging advances in cancer care, ISCMs are increasingly being encountered in clinical practice. Herein, we describe one of the larger retrospective single institutional case series on ISCMs, analyze survival and treatment outcomes, and review the literature.

MRI Detection and Therapeutic Enhancement of Ferumoxytol Internalization in Glioblastoma Cells.

Recently, the FDA-approved iron oxide nanoparticle, ferumoxytol, has been found to enhance the efficacy of pharmacological ascorbate (AscH) in treating glioblastoma, as AscH reduces the Fe sites in the nanoparticle core. Given the iron oxidation state specificity of T2* relaxation mapping, this study aims to investigate the ability of T2* relaxation to monitor the reduction of ferumoxytol by AscH with respect to its in vitro therapeutic enhancement. This study employed an in vitro glioblastoma MRI model system to investigate the chemical interaction of ferumoxytol with T* mapping.

Surgical management of craniospinal axis malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: a single-institution experience and literature review.

Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive tumor, with limited literature on its management. Herein, we present our series of surgically managed craniospinal MPNSTs, analyze their outcomes, and review the literature.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed surgically managed primary craniospinal MPNSTs treated at our institution between January 2005 and May 2023.

Clinical diagnostic and radiographic features of primary spinal atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors tumor in a pediatric patient: A case report and review of the literature.

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) are rare embryonal tumors comprising 1-2% of all pediatric CNS neoplasms. Spinal ATRTs are even more uncommon, accounting for 2% of all reported ATRT cases. Despite their rarity, ATRTs affect young children disproportionately and are characterized by a high malignant potential due to a heterogeneous cellular composition and inactivating mutations in the (90%) and (10%) genes.

Surgical Management of Craniospinal Axis Solitary Fibrous Tumors: A Single-Institution Case Series and Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

Background And Objectives: Meningeal solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) comprise 0.4% of primary central nervous system neoplasms and carry metastatic potential. Disease course and optimal management are largely unknown, and there is currently no literature rigorously describing neurological outcomes in surgically managed SFTs.

Clinical diagnostic and radiographic features of a primary intradural spinal chondrosarcoma in a young adult: illustrative case.

Background: Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) is an aggressive subtype of chondrosarcoma that occurs extremely rarely in the central nervous system. Patients often present with pain or sensorimotor deficits, and resection is considered the gold standard. The role of adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy is largely unknown.

Clinical diagnostic and radiographic features of recurrent intracranial malignant triton tumor in an adult: illustrative case.

Background: Malignant triton tumors (MTTs) are a rare and aggressive type of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor identified histologically by focal rhabdomyoblastic differentiation.

Observations: A 37-year-old female with a prior history of Hodgkin lymphoma presented with acute-onset confusion, cognitive deficits, and weakness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hemorrhagic intracranial mass later confirmed to be a malignant triton tumor.

Pediatric brainstem abscess successfully treated with stereotactic aspiration: illustrative case.

Background: Pediatric brainstem abscesses are rare entities that account for 1% of all brain abscesses and, when diagnosed, constitute a neurosurgical emergency.

Observations: A previously healthy 11-year-old male presented with several days of worsening headache, confusion, and ataxia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a midbrain and pons lesion.

Vertebral hemangiomas: Diagnosis and management. A single center experience.

Objective: Vertebral hemangiomas (VH) are common benign lesions involving the spine. Owing to the multiplicity of treatments, the management of VH has not always been consistent. In this retrospective review of a single center experience, indications and options available for the treatment of VH are outlined.

Intraoperative Shoulder Traction as Cause of C5 Palsy: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Objective: During surgery, shoulder traction is often used for better fluoroscopic imaging of the lower cervical spine. Traction on the C5 root has been implicated as a potential cause of C5 palsy after cervical spine surgery. Using magnetic resonance imaging, this study was undertaken to determine the impact of upper extremity traction on the C5 root orientation.

Methods and Devices for Posterior Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement Surgery: 25 Years of Iterative Refinement.

Background: The posterior ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement procedure is technically efficient and cosmetically appealing. The main limitations of the posterior approach relate to the technical challenges associated with accurately placing the ventricular catheter. In this report, we describe methods and simple devices used for posterior VPS surgery that have evolved over a >25-year period to enhance catheter placement accuracy and reduce complication rates.

Plasma Soluble Human Elastin Fragments as an Intra-Aneurysmal Localized Biomarker for Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm.

Background Fragmentation of the tunica media is a hallmark of intracranial aneurysm formation, often leading to aneurysmal progression and subsequent rupture. The objective of this study is to determine the plasma level of elastin fragments in the lumen of ruptured versus unruptured human intracranial aneurysms. Methods and Results One hundred consecutive patients with/without ruptured saccular intracranial aneurysms undergoing endovascular coiling or stent-assisted coiling were recruited.

Hybrid Surgery for Internal Carotid Artery Revascularization.

Objective: The management of chronic complete internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion (COICA) has been challenging. Endovascular procedures have been performed with variable success and risks, depending on the type of occlusion and distal revascularization. We present a novel hybrid procedure to recanalize the ICA when previous endovascular interventions have failed or been deemed too risky.

Stereotactic radio surgery and radio frequency rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis: A single institution experience.

Objectives: For patients with medically unresponsive trigeminal neuralgia (TN), surgical options include micro vascular decompression (MVD), radiofrequency rhizotomy (RF), and stereotactic radio surgery (SRS). Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating condition that can be associated with TN, but is not amenable to treatment with MVD. We sought to identify the outcome differences of patients with TN in MS undergoing SRS or RFR in an attempt to identify factors that may influence outcomes.