The Change of Asymptomatic Atlantoaxial Instability With Down Syndrome From Infant to Adolescent in Japanese Population: Minimum 10 Years Follow-Up.

Background: Although 10% to 60% of patients with Down syndrome (DS) develop atlantoaxial instability (AAI), clarifying the course of asymptomatic AAI may prevent unnecessary clinical interactions and investigations. This study investigates the radiographic changes observed in asymptomatic AAI associated with DS in Japanese children as they grow from infancy to adolescence over a minimum of 10 years.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of cervical radiographs acquired from asymptomatic patients with DS in both infancy and adolescence was carried out.

Dandy-Walker malformations with other complex congenital deformities associated with scoliosis: a case series.

Dandy-Walker malformations (DWM) is a rare condition with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 30 000 cases. Although DWM often complicates scoliosis, its prevalence and the time of onset are unknown because only a few reports have described the association between scoliosis and DWM. This case series describes spinal deformity associated with DWM.

The Prevalence of Scoliosis after Fontan Circulation Surgery Followed-Up to Adolescence.

Introduction: The advancement of surgical techniques and perioperative management for congenital heart disease (CHD) has increased life expectancy. The surgical creation of the Fontan circulation maintains pulmonary blood flow without relying on an effective pump from the abnormal heart, relying on peripheral vascular resistance to maintain effective flow through the lungs. Unfortunately, this delicate mechanism is compromised when scoliosis restricts ventilation, leading to Fontan failure and a poor prognosis for life.

RASopathies and spinal deformities for screening of scoliosis.

Background: The RASopathies (Noonan syndrome [NS] and Costello syndrome [CS]) are rare disorders. Although these have been characterized, precise delineation of the differences in the spinal deformities associated with RASopathy has not been described. This study characterized the spinal deformities found in NS and CS and describes a strategy for the screening of scoliosis.

Costello syndrome-associated orthopaedic manifestations focussed on kyphoscoliosis: a case series describing the natural course.

Costello syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic condition caused by a heterozygous mutation in the HRAS gene, with an estimated prevalence of 1: 300 000. Individuals with CS present with characteristic features including scoliosis, kyphosis, Chiari 1 malformation, and syringomyelia. The natural history of the spinal deformity associated with CS has been incompletely described.

Peroneal Nerve Palsy Caused by Proximal Fibular Solitary Osteochondroma: Case Report and Literature Review.

Osteochondroma is a relatively common benign tumor of the bone, and compressive neuropathies due to osteochondroma are comparatively rare. Here, we present a rare case of osteochondroma of the fibular head that caused peroneal nerve palsy in an 8-year-old girl. Physical examination revealed 0/5 tibialis anterior, 1/5 extensor hallucis longus, and 1/5 peroneal brevis muscle power-according to the manual muscle testing grading system, as well as numbness on the lateral side of the right leg and the back of the foot.

The Association Between Radiographic and MRI Cervical Spine Parameters in Patients With Down Syndrome.

Introduction Many patients with Down syndrome (DS) develop upper cervical spine instability that may lead to spinal cord injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the spinal cord compression in MRI and the occipto-cervical instability evident on plain radiographs in a Japanese population. Methods A retrospective analysis of cervical spine radiographs and MRI acquired from patients with DS was performed.

Endoscopic Surgery under Fluoroscopic Guidance Is Useful for Diagnosing and Treating Epiphyseal Osteomyelitis Caused by Species.

Osteomyelitis caused by species may be difficult to diagnose and treat. We report a case of treatment for osteomyelitis caused by species in the epiphysis of the right proximal tibia. A 28-month-old boy presented to a hospital with symptoms of fever and right knee pain.

Supermicrosurgical free sensate superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap for reconstruction of a soft tissue defect of the ankle in a 1-year-old child.

Although a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap has recently been widely used owing to its various advantages, reports on its use in the pediatric population are limited. A case of a supermicrosurgical reconstruction of a soft tissue defect of the ankle associated with the congenital deficiency of the tibia using a free sensate SCIP flap in a 1-year-old child has been presented. The correction of the valgus deformity of the ankle resulted in a soft tissue defect, which required flap coverage.

Long-term results of bulk femoral head autograft in cementless THA for developmental hip dysplasia.

We evaluated the fate of bulk femoral head autograft in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) for developmental hip dysplasia. Of 87 hips (80 patients) studied, 37 hips (32 patients) were available for follow-up at a mean of 18.5 years (range, 15-24 years) postoperatively.