What happens to children who move off the autism spectrum? Clinical follow-up study.

Background: There is controversial information on outcome of school age individuals who lose the diagnosis of autism and achieve "optimal outcome" (OO). The present study assessed the autism symptoms and other psychiatric disorders in a group of children with a past history of autism.

Methods: The subjects consisted of 26 individuals who had lost the diagnosis of autism 2-8 years previously.

Effects of Atomoxetine in Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Low-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objectives: This naturalistic, retrospective study investigated the effects of atomoxetine (ATX) on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and autistic features in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and intellectual disability (ID).

Methods: Participants (n = 37, age range 6-17 years, mean: 10.16 ± 3.

Characteristics of children who lost the diagnosis of autism: a sample from istanbul, Turkey.

Aim. The aim of this study was to describe a group of children who lost a diagnosis of autism following participation in early educational programs. Method.

Positron emission tomography findings in children with infantile spasms and autism.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate positron emission tomography (PET) findings in patients diagnosed with infantile spasms and autism. This study includes 90 patients who were diagnosed with infantile spasms at the Department of Pediatric Neurology in the Istanbul University Medical Faculty between 1995 and 2007. Of the 90 patients, 15 patients who were diagnosed with autism using the Autism Behaviour Checklist and Childhood Autism Rating Scale and a control group of nine patients without autism but with infantile spasms underwent PET examination.

Using the modified checklist for autism in toddlers in a well-child clinic in Turkey: adapting the screening method based on culture and setting.

We aimed to adapt the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers to Turkish culture. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers was filled out independently by 191 parents while they were waiting for the well-child examination of their child. A high screen-positive rate was found.

Asperger's disorder and Williams syndrome: a case report.

Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder caused by the hemizygous microdeletion in chromosome 7q11.23. It is characterized by dysmorphic face, cardiovascular disease, idiopathic hypercalcemia, mental retardation, and an uneven profile of cognitive-linguistic abilities and deficits.

[Assessment of executive/attentional performance in Asperger's disorder].

Objective: Deficient executive functioning (EF) has been reported in several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autistic spectrum disorders; however, many studies included heterogeneous groups and few have focused on EF in individuals with Asperger's disorder (AD) in relation to attentional performance. The aim of the present study was to compare executive/attentional performance in children and adolescents with AD to that in controls, and to assess the influence of comorbid attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on that performance.

Method: In total, 21 individuals with AD aged between 8 and 16 years (diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria) and 18 age- gender-, education-, and IQ-matched volunteer controls were administered the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Test, and verbal fluency tests.

Drug induced mania in a boy with high functioning autism.

Drug induced mania is sometimes associated with drug that are primarily not used for central nervous system effects. Here we report a manic episode during the treatment of leukemia with various agents in an adolescent with diagnosis of high functioning autism. In this case, most likely candidates to induce a manic episode were dexamethazone, a corticosteroid used in the treatment of T-ALL, cyclophosphamide and cotrimoxazole.

Catatonia in a child with autistic disorder.

Catatonia is a cluster of motor features that appears in many recognized psychiatric illnesses. It is being increasingly reported in individuals with autism, a disorder characterized by impaired reciprocal social interactions, aberrant language development and restricted behavioral repertoire. However, relatively little is known about the presentation and treatment of catatonia in children with autism.

Psychiatric disorders in individuals with high-functioning autism and Asperger's disorder: similarities and differences.

Objectives: To investigate and compare the rate and type of psychiatric co-morbidity in individuals with diagnosis of high functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger's disorder (AS).

Methods: This study includes 30 children and adolescents with diagnosis of HFA and 30 with diagnosis of AS. Diagnoses of HFA and AS were made using strict DSM-IV criteria.

Co-morbidity of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in an outpatient Turkish sample.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of bipolar disorder (BPD) in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to compare the clinical characteristics of a group with ADHD with a group with co-morbidity of ADHD and BPD. The study includes 121 individuals, aged 6-16 years, with a diagnosis of ADHD. Co-morbidity of BPD was evaluated using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) and the Parent-Young Mania Rating Scale (P-YMRS).

High rates of psychiatric co-morbidity in individuals with Asperger's disorder.

The present study aimed to provide clinical data regarding co-morbidity of psychiatric disorders in individuals diagnosed with Asperger's disorder (AD). This study included 37 individuals (32 male, five female, mean age: 10.9+/-4.

Pervasive developmental disorders in individuals with cerebral palsy.

The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence and associated factors of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), including autistic disorder and PDD not otherwise specified (NOS), in a clinical sample of 126 children and adolescents (75 males, 51 females; age range 4-18y, mean 8y 8mo, SD 3y 8mo) with tetraplegic, hemiplegic, diplegic, dyskinetic, or mixed types of cerebral palsy (CP); 28% could not crawl or walk even with support, 29% could move with support, and 43% walked independently. Participants were examined for PDD in two stages. In the first stage, probable participants were determined by direct observation, Autism Behavior Checklist score, and medical reports.

Kleine-Levin syndrome in two subjects with diagnosis of autistic disorder.

Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare disease characterized by recurrent episodes of hypersomnia, cognitive and behavioural disturbances, compulsive eating and hypersexuality. The disease is predominantly described in typically developed adolescents. Here, we present two cases with the diagnosis of KLS and autistic disorder.

Mirtazapine treatment in a subject with autistic disorder and fetishism.

The presence of inappropriate sexual behaviors in individuals with autistic disorder is one of the important factors disturbing their social adaptation and distressing their families and environment. Therefore, appropriate management of these behaviors seems necessary. This case report describes a 13-year-old male with diagnosis of autistic disorder and fetishistic behavior.

Risperidone-induced enuresis in two children with autistic disorder.

Introduction: Risperidone appears to be effective in treating behavioral problems in children with autistic disorder. Although increased appetite, weight gain, and sedation are among the most common side effects, risperidone-induced enuresis is rarely reported.

Method: We will present two cases with risperidone-induced enuresis, and discuss our findings in the context of current literature.

Tactile sensitivity of normal and autistic children.

Many children with autistic spectrum disorders have unusual reactions to certain sensory stimuli. These reactions vary along a hyper- to hypo-responsivity continuum. For example, some children overreact to weak sensory input, but others do not respond negatively to even strong stimuli.

Autistic disorder and 22q11.2 duplication.

Although several reports have described the co-occurrence of autism in subjects with chromosome 22 abnormalities including trisomy 22, translocation 20/22, 22q11.2 deletion, ring chromosome 22, and 22q13.3 deletion, there is no report with 22q11.

Autism in visually impaired individuals.

The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of autism in a sample of visually impaired children and adolescents. A total of 257 blind children and adolescents (age range: 7-18 years) were examined for autism using a three-stage process. The first stage estimated probable cases of autistic disorder based on the Autism Behavior Checklist and the second stage by direct observation of the subjects in different settings.

Autism and Williams syndrome: a case report.

Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a deletion in the 7q11.23 region which includes at least 17 genes. The presence of autistic features in WS is a controversial issue.