Facial Analysis for Gender Affirmation/Gender-Related Facial Analysis.

There are anthropometric differences between the bony and integumentary facial features of male and female individuals. When compared to males, female faces in general are more heart-shaped, with a shorter and smoother forehead, a smaller more defined nose, and a tapered chin.

Brow Lift and Brow Position for Gender Affirmation.

If the eyes are considered by some as the windows to the soul, the eyebrows can then be the frames that adorn them and can help accentuate a person's facial features. They are a staple of attractiveness, conveying emotion and projecting personality traits. Therefore, the utmost attention and intimate understanding of their role is required when modifying them to achieve an esthetically pleasing result.

In Vivo Accuracy of Ultrasound for Sizing Salivary Ductal Calculi.

Objectives: The present study was developed to evaluate the accuracy of in vivo ultrasound sizing for parotid and submandibular salivary gland calculi, as compared with ex vivo pathology sizing with a standard plastic ruler after extraction.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Ultrasound is frequently used to size salivary calculi and make treatment decisions, but the accuracy of measurements from this modality has not been validated.

Sonolocation during submandibular sialolithotomy.

Objectives/hypothesis: Ultrasound is a proven tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for treatment of salivary gland pathology. It is also useful for localization of calculi during submandibular gland transoral sialolithotomy when calculi cannot easily be palpated. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of sialolith localization using ultrasound during submandibular gland sialolithotomy.

Hypopharyngeal applications of a new flexible robotic system in otolaryngology.

This case report describes the use a new flexible robotic system in otolaryngology, the FlexRobot for cricopharyngeal myotomy in cadaver dissections, and for the treatment of a patient with esophageal stenosis and secondary dysphagia and dysphonia. The Flexrobot facilitates access to the hypopharynx with increased proximity to the surgical field and improved optics, allowing more exact dilatation and injection in our patient. It also would allow surgeons to reach deep inside the cavity of the hypopharynx into anatomical regions that are typically inaccessible without an open approach, as shown in our cadaveric procedure, where full exposure of the posterior aspect of the cricopharyngeus and isolation of the muscle belly were achieved.