Comparing the effects of cerebellar and prefrontal anodal transcranial direct current stimulation concurrent with postural training on balance and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial.

Fatigue and balance disorders are common challenges experienced by Multiple Sclerosis (MS) individuals. The purpose of this study was to compare the concurrent effects of cerebellar and prefrontal anodal trans-cranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) with postural training on balance and fatigue in MS patients. 51 patients were evaluated to randomly allocation to a-tDCS over cerebellum, a-tDCS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and sham group.

The Effects of Curl-Up and Straight Leg Raising Exercises in Different Hip Joint Positions on Abdominal Muscle Thickness.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combining 2 exercises at different angles of the hip joint on the thickness of the transverse abdominis and internal oblique muscles.

Methods: Twenty-eight healthy adults (22.7 ± 2.

Stroke Patients Showed Improvements in Balance in Response to Visual Restriction Exercise.

Objective: Several strategies have been designed to improve balance after stroke. Although recent studies have suggested that the balance training in stroke should include exercises that are performed in different sensory conflict conditions, little attention has been paid to manipulation of visual input. This study aimed to compare effects of balance training on an unstable surface with balance training under visual deprivation conditions in persons with stroke.

Comparing the effects of vestibular rehabilitation with and without lavender oil scents as an olfactory stimulus on balance, fear of falling down and activities of daily living of people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of using lavender oil as an olfactory stimulus with vestibular rehabilitation (VR) on balance, fear of falling down, and activities of daily living of people with multiple sclerosis.

Methods: Forty participants were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group did the VR exercises while smelling the lavender oil scents.

Quality of Life Within Three Months After Stroke: A Study in the City of Arak, Iran.

Introduction: The impact of stroke on quality of life (QoL) may be different in diverse societies because of varying availability and accessibility of health and social care services provided in various settings. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in patients' QoL within three months after stroke and to address the research question; "What factors influence QoL after stroke in Iranian population?"

Methods: A total number of 172 patients admitted to the Stroke Unit of Amiralmomenin Hospital in the city of Arak, Iran, were recruited in this study. The Stroke Impact Scale (SIS-16) was used at three different time-points to evaluate post-stroke QoL.

The Onset and Frequency of Spasticity After First Ever Stroke.

Background: Spasticity is one of the most important causes of disability after stroke. In spite of high incidence of spasticity, little is known about the relationship between the occurrence and the development of spasticity. This study aimed to determine risk-factors of post stroke spasticity.

Measurement of superficial and deep abdominal muscle thickness: an ultrasonography study.

Background: Real-time ultrasound imaging is a valid method in the field of rehabilitation. The ultrasound imaging allows direct visualization for real-time study of the muscles as they contract over the time. Measuring of the size of each abdominal muscle in relation to the others provides useful information about the differences in structure, as well as data on trunk muscle activation patterns.

Reliability of ultrasound measurement of automatic activity of the abdominal muscle in participants with and without chronic low back pain.

Background: Ultrasound (US) imaging has been considered as a non-invasive technique to measure thickness and estimate relative abdominal muscle activity. Although some studies have assessed the reliability of US imaging, no study has assessed the reliability of US measurement of automatic activity of abdominal muscles in positions with different levels of stability in participants with chronic low back pain (cLBP). The purpose of this study was to investigate within-day and between-days reliability of US thickness measurements of automatic activity of the abdominal muscles in asymptomatic participants and within-day reliability in those with cLBP.

Reliability of the ultrasound measurements of abdominal muscles activity when activated with and without pelvic floor muscles contraction.

Background: Synergistic co-activation of the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles (PFM) has been shown in literature. Some studies have assessed the reliability of ultrasound measures of the abdominal muscles.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of ultrasound measurements of transverses abdominis (TrA) and obliquus internus (OI) muscles during different conditions (PFM contraction, abdominal hollowing manoeuvre (AHM) with and without PFM contraction) in participants with and without chronic low back pain (LBP).

Electromyographic evaluation of abdominal-muscle function with and without concomitant pelvic-floor-muscle contraction.

Context: Coactivation of abdominal and pelvic-floor muscles (PFM) is an issue considered by researchers recently. Electromyography (EMG) studies have shown that the abdominal-muscle activity is a normal response to PFM activity, and increase in EMG activity of the PFM concomitant with abdominal-muscle contraction was also reported.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in EMG activity of the deep abdominal muscles during abdominal-muscle contraction (abdominal hollowing and bracing) with and without concomitant PFM contraction in healthy and low-back-pain (LBP) subjects.