Neuroprotective effects of Apigenin on prenatal Valproic acid-induced autism spectrum disorder in rats.

Unlabelled: Valproic acid (VPA) demonstrates teratogenic effects during pregnancy. Prenatal exposure to VPA may result in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) -like phenotypes. Apigenin, a natural flavonoid, has been shown to have neuroprotective impacts due to its antioxidant properties.

Synergistic effects of citicoline and silymarin nanomicelles in restraint stress-exposed mice.

Unlabelled: This study evaluated the effects of citicoline and silymarin nanomicelles (SMnm) in repeated restraint stress (RRS).

Method: Mice were exposed to RRS for four consecutive days, 2 hrs. daily.

Effect of sumatriptan on acetic acid-induced experimental colitis in rats: a possible role for the 5-HT receptors.

Mucosal inflammation in colitis is associated with changes in the intestinal serotonin (5-HT) level. Sumatriptan, a 5-HT receptor agonist, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory characteristics. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of sumatriptan in a rat model of acute experimental colitis and to elucidate the probable participation of presynaptic 5-HT receptors.

Comparative evaluation of adolescent repeated psychological or physical stress effects on adult cognitive performance, oxidative stress, and heart rate in female rats.

Multiple adult health problems are associated with adolescent stress. As the brain discriminates physical and psychological stressors by activation of different neural networks, we hypothesized that behavioral and physiological performance would be modulated differently based on the nature of the stressors. Thus, we studied the comparative effects of adolescent repeated physical and psychological stresses on adult cognitive performance, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) and heart rate in female rats.

Involvement of central opioid receptors in protective effects of methadone on experimental colitis in rats.

Purpose: There are several lines of evidence on the protective roles of opioids in gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions. This study aims to distinguish the central and peripheral roles of methadone, a non-selective opioid receptor agonist, in an acute model of ulcerative colitis in male rats.

Methods: Ulcerative colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of acetic acid 4%.

Licofelone Attenuates LPS-induced Depressive-like Behavior in Mice: A Possible Role for Nitric Oxide.

Purpose: Licofelone, a dual cyclooxygenase/5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, possesses antioxidant, antiapoptotic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of licofelone on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression in a mouse model and also a possible role for nitric oxide (NO).

Methods: To elucidate the role of NO on this effect of licofelone (5 and 20 mg/kg, i.

The role of nitric oxide in anticonvulsant effect of nanocurcumine on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice.

Unlabelled: A plant alkaloid obtained from Curcuma longa, curcumin possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Nanoformulations have been developed for preclinical studies which demonstrate enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Effect of acute intraperitoneal (i.

Assessment of Clinical Teachers' Professionalism in Iran: From Residents and Fellowships' Perspective.

In the present study, professional conduct of clinical teachers in Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Iran was assessed by their residents (n=292) and fellowships (n=48) using a standard questioner called self-reported measurement equipment. This evaluation was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Professionalism was questioned in four domains including clinical teacher-patient, clinical teacher-student, inter-professional and clinical teacher-self relationships.

Involvement of PPARγ in the protective action of tropisetron in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Tropisetron, a selective 5-HT receptor antagonist, is highly used to counteract chemotherapy-induced emesis. Previous studies revealed the anti-inflammatory properties of this drug.

Effect of 5-HT7 receptor agonist, LP-211, on micturition following spinal cord injury in male rats.

Background And Purpose: Central and peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors play a critical role in regulation of micturition reflex. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of a 5-HT7 receptor agonist, LP-211 (N-(4-cyanophenylmethyl)-4-(2-diphenyl)-1-piperazinehexanamide) on micturition reflex in acute spinal cord-injured (SCI) rats during infusion of vehicle into the bladder.

Methods: SCI was induced by compressing T10 segment using an aneurysm clip, extradurally in male rats.

Effect of glatiramer acetate on short-term memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in male mice.

Glatiramer acetate (GA) demonstrates neuroprotective, neurogenesis, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study examines the probable protective effect of acute GA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory impairment in male mice and further explores which routes of administration [subcutaneous (s.c.

Effect of Withania somnifera Dunal Root Extract on Behavioral Despair Model in Mice: a Possible Role for Nitric Oxide.

Withania somnifera (WS) possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. WS preparations have a potential therapeutic role in the central nervous system (CNS) related disorders in animal models. In this study, the possible protective effect of acute aqueous WS root extract on behavioral despair was explored and compared with fluoxetine, an antidepressant with selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor activity (SSRI).

Evaluating Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Health-Care Workers Regarding Patient Education in Iran.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the position of patient education measuring knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among health care workers (HCWs). It is also aimed to emphasize the need for a real position for patient education. This survey was performed among a group of HCWs in Iran.

Serotonin 5-HT7 receptor agonist, LP-211, exacerbates Na(+), K(+)-ATPase/Mg(2+)-ATPase imbalances in spinal cord-injured male rats.

Background: The observed controversy that N-(4-cyanophenylmethyl)-4-(2-diphenyl)-1-piperazinehexanamide (LP-211), a selective serotonin (5-HT7) receptor agonist, may either modify or exacerbate imbalances in serum electrolyte concentrations and renal tissue of spinal cord trauma cases has not been reported yet. The aim of this study was to better understand the effects of a new 5-HT7 receptor agonist, LP-211, on serum electrolyte changes in spinal cord injured- (SCI) rats.

Methods: Sixty male rats were assigned to the following groups: A) Intact (saline as vehicle, 1 ml/kg, i.

Behavioral despair associated with a mouse model of Crohn's disease: Role of nitric oxide pathway.

Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with increased psychiatric co-morbidities. Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in inflammation and tissue injury in CD, and it may also play a central role in pathogenesis of the accompanying behavioral despair. This study investigated the role of the NO pathway in behavioral despair associated with a mouse model of CD.

Possible involvement of nitric oxide in antidepressant-like effect of silymarin in male mice.

Context: Silymarin (SM) is extracted from milk thistle Silybum marianum L. [Asteraceae (Compositae)] and known for antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective: The potential antidepressant-like effect of acute SM and possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO) were determined in male mice.

The role of structural C--H compared with phenolic OH sites on the antioxidant activity of oleuropein and its derivatives as a great non-flavonoid family of the olive components: a DFT study.

Oleuropein and its derivatives are the main phenolic compounds of Olea europaea L. leaf and fruit. The structure-antioxidant activity relationship was considered for studying the radical scavenging activity of this non-flavonoid family of the olive components using density functional theory (DFT).

Protective effect of hydroalcoholic olive leaf extract on experimental model of colitis in rat: involvement of nitrergic and opioidergic systems.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible protective effect of dry olive leaf extract (OLE) against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats, as well as the probable modulatory effect of nitrergic and opioidergic systems on this protective impact. Olive leaf extract was administered (250, 500 and 750 mg/kg) orally for two successive days, starting from the colitis induction. To assess the involvement of nitrergic and opioidergic systems in the possible protective effect of OLE, L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (10 mg/kg) and naltrexone (5 mg/kg) intraperitoneal (i.

Muscimol delays lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm delivery in mice: role of GABA(A) receptors and nitric oxide.

Objectives: Immunologic processes are involved in preterm delivery (PTD). Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of muscimol (GABA(A) agonist), the effect of this drug was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-induced PTD in mice.

Methods: PTD was induced by two intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide (35 µg/kg; n = 11), on gestational day 15 (d15).

Atorvastatin improved scopolamine-induced impairment in memory acquisition in mice: involvement of nitric oxide.

Unlabelled: Atorvastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, widely used in treatment of hypercholesterolemia, slows the progression of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. In this study, effects of atorvastatin on acquisition of spatial recognition memory and the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) have been determined in a two-trial recognition Y-maze test and passive avoidance. Atorvastatin (1, 5mg/kg, p.