Elevated serum level of interleukin-15 in vitiligo patients and its correlation with disease severity but not activity.

Background: Vitiligo is a common acquired disorder of depigmentation. Its pathogenesis entails a T helper (Th) 1-cytotoxic T (cT) lymphocytes mediated autoimmune melanocyte destruction. Interleukin (IL)-15 is one of the IL-2 family of cytokines and shares several actions with IL-2.

T-helper 17 cytokines (interleukins 17, 21, 22, and 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in patients with alopecia areata: association with clinical type and severity.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell infiltrates and cytokine production. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

Objectives: Our aim was to assess the association of Th17 with AA.

Serum leptin, adiponectin, and resistin among adult patients with acanthosis nigricans: correlations with insulin resistance and risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is linked to obesity and insulin resistance. Major adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin are known to be dysregulated in obesity and are key players in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess serum levels of the major adipokines leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, and to study their correlations with the state of insulin resistance and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among AN patients.