High-intensity exercise alongside insulin alleviates muscle atrophy in type 1 diabetes mellitus concomitant with modulation of mitophagy-related proteins in skeletal muscle.

: Diabetes patients' quality of life can be severely impacted by diabetic muscle atrophy.: This study aimed to explore the impact of high-intensity exercise (HIE) alongside insulin treatment on muscle atrophy in a rat model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).: Fifty rats were allocated into five groups; Group 1, control sedentary (CS), T1DM was elicited in the rest of the groups by giving them Streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg), where group 2 (DS) remained sedentary, while groups 3,4,5 were treated with insulin after induction of diabetes.