Childhood Educational Outcomes of Infants Born With Esophageal Atresia With or Without Tracheoesophageal Atresia.

Background: There are limited studies on educational outcomes of children born with esophageal atresia (EA) with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). We aimed to compare 3rd to 5th grade academic proficiency among children born with EA/TEF versus unaffected children.

Methods: Children born with EA/TEF (2000-2005) were identified from the Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System.

Clinical Review of Risk of Nephrotoxicity with Acyclovir Use for Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in Neonates and Children.

Objective: This study aims to clarify the risk of nephrotoxicity with intravenous use of acyclovir (ACV) for the treatment of neonates (ages <3 months) and children (ages ≥3 months to <12 years) with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections and to identify gaps in knowledge that could be further investigated.

Methods: Multiple databases were searched to identify studies on risk of nephrotoxicity with ACV use for treatment of invasive HSV infections, defined as any neonatal infection or HSV encephalitis (HSE) in children.

Results: There were 5 and 14 studies that evaluated the risk of ACV-associated nephrotoxicity in neonates and children, respectively.

Provision and availability of genomic medicine services in Level IV neonatal intensive care units.

Purpose: To describe variation in genomic medicine services across level IV neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the United States and Canada.

Methods: We developed and distributed a novel survey to the 43 level IV NICUs belonging to the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium, requesting a single response per site from a clinician with knowledge of the provision of genomic medicine services.

Results: Overall response rate was 74% (32/43).

Concordance of opioid exposure in all-payer claims databases with prescription drug monitoring program database using Arkansas as a case example.

Objective: To assess the concordance between and benefit of adding prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) data to all-payer claims database (APCD) data for identifying and classifying opioid exposure among insured individuals.

Data Sources And Study Setting: Arkansas APCD and PDMP.

Study Design: Enrollees in APCD were classified as (1) true positives: if they received opioids in both databases, (2) false positives: if they only received opioids in APCD, (3) true negatives: if they had no opioid exposure in both databases, (4) false negatives: if they only received opioids in the PDMP database.

School age educational outcomes of infants born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Background: To compare academic proficiency among children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) versus controls and identify predictors of academic performance among children with CDH.

Methods: Infants born with CDH in Arkansas, 2000-2005, were identified from the Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System. For each case, two controls were selected from birth certificate data and matched for hospital and month of birth, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Different glucose analyzers report different glucose concentration values in term newborns.

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrine Society neonatal hypoglycemia guidelines based their glucose concentration treatment thresholds on studies that predominantly used Beckman and Yellow Springs Glucose Oxidase Analyzers. Currently, a majority (76%) of U.S.

Anxiety, Depression, and Behavioral and/or Conduct Disorder in Adolescence Among Former Preterm and Term Infants of Different Race and Ethnicities.

Objective: To compare parental reports of recent diagnoses of anxiety, depression, and/or behavioral/conduct disorder among former preterm (PT) and term adolescents by race/ethnicity and evaluate receipt of mental healthcare within the past year among those adolescents with any of these conditions.

Study Design: A total of 20,871 Non-Hispanic white (NHW), Non-Hispanic black (NHB), and Hispanic adolescents were evaluated using data from the 2017/2018 National Survey of Children's Health. PT birth and race/ethnicity disparity in the diagnosis of these emotional/behavioral problems and receipt of mental healthcare among adolescents with any of these diagnoses were analyzed using logistic regression.

Decreasing early hypoglycemia frequency in at-risk newborns after implementing a new hypoglycemia screening algorithm.

Background: Neonatal hypoglycemia may affect long-term neurodevelopment.

Methods: Quality improvement (QI) initiative for Mother-Baby-Unit (MBU) admissions (birthweight ≥ 2100 g; ≥35 weeks' gestation) over two epochs from 2016-2019 to reduce the frequency of early (≤3 h) neonatal hypoglycemia in small and large newborns.

Intervention: New algorithm using Olsen's growth curves, hypoglycemia thresholds of <2.

Childhood Educational Outcomes of Children Born with Gastroschisis.

Objective: To compare third grade literacy and mathematics test proficiency among children born with gastroschisis vs unaffected controls and identify predictors of academic proficiency among these children.

Study Design: Infants born with gastroschisis (2000-2005) were identified from the Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System. For each case, 2 controls were selected at random from birth certificates and matched for hospital and month of birth, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Early Transient Hypoglycemia and Test Performance in At-Risk Newborns.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate if early (within the first 3 hours after birth) transient neonatal hypoglycemia (TNH) is associated with poor academic performance in infants at-risk for hypoglycemia.

Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study of at risk-infants (late preterm infants, small and large for gestational age infants, and infants of diabetic mothers [IDMs]) who were born in 1998 and 1999 at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and had ≥1 recorded glucose concentration. The outcome measure was proficiency on 4th grade literacy and mathematics achievement tests.

Trends in prevalence and spatiotemporal distribution of gastroschisis in Arkansas, 1998-2015.

Background: Arkansas (AR) had the highest prevalence of gastroschisis in a recent study including 15 U.S. states.

The impact of prematurity and maternal socioeconomic status and education level on achievement-test scores up to 8th grade.

Background: The relative influence of prematurity vs. maternal social factors (socioeconomic status and education level) on academic performance has rarely been examined.

Objective: To examine the impact of prematurity and maternal social factors on academic performance from 3rd through 8th grade.

Gastrostomy tube placement among infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing stage 1 palliation.

Objective: Different feeding strategies have been suggested to improve growth and survival of infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome following stage 1 palliation. The study objective was to assess hospital mortality following stage 1 palliation among infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who had two feeding modalities, gastrostomy tube vs no gastrostomy tube.

Design: Retrospective study design.

Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Infants with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Following Stage 1 Palliation or Heart Transplant.

Previous studies of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) among infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) were conducted in single centers or had small sample sizes. This study aimed to determine the mortality rate and the risk factors for NEC among infants with HLHS who were discharged over a 10-year period (2004-2013) from 41 Pediatric Health Information System affiliated children's hospitals. Either stage 1 palliation and/or heart transplant were completed prior to patient's death or hospital discharge.

Chromosomal Abnormalities Affect the Surgical Outcome in Infants with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: A Large Cohort Analysis.

Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) can have associated genetic abnormalities. This study evaluated the incidence of genetic abnormalities among infants with HLHS and the short-term outcomes of this population during the first hospitalization. This is a retrospective analysis of the multi-center Pediatric Heath Information System database of infants with HLHS who underwent Stage I Norwood, Hybrid, or heart transplant during their first hospitalization from 2004 through 2013.

Cavopulmonary Anastomosis During Same Hospitalization as Stage 1 Norwood/Hybrid Palliative Surgery.

Background: Limited literature has examined characteristics of infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) who remain hospitalized during the interstage period. We described their epidemiologic characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, and identified risk factors that predict the need for superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (SCPA) during the same hospitalization.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter database analysis included infants with HLHS who underwent stage 1 palliation from 2004 through 2013.

Tracheostomy Among Infants With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Undergoing Cardiac Operations: A Multicenter Analysis.

Background: Less than 2.7% of infants undergoing congenital heart disease operations have difficulty weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation. In such instances, clinicians may choose to perform tracheostomy.

The Effect of Early Feeding on Initial Glucose Concentrations in Term Newborns.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of early feeding on initial glucose concentrations in healthy term newborns who were not at risk for hypoglycemia.

Study Design: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences where universal early glucose screening was standard of care for newborn infants. Plasma glucose concentrations were compared in term infants born in 2008 who were not at risk for neonatal hypoglycemia and who were fed before (early feeders) and after (late feeders) their initial glucose screens.

Association Between Transient Newborn Hypoglycemia and Fourth-Grade Achievement Test Proficiency: A Population-Based Study.

Importance: Prolonged neonatal hypoglycemia is associated with poor long-term neurocognitive function. However, little is known about an association between early transient newborn hypoglycemia and academic achievement.

Objective: To determine if early (within the first 3 hours of life) transient hypoglycemia (a single initial low glucose concentration, followed by a second value above a cutoff) is associated with subsequent poor academic performance.

A neonate with left pulmonary artery thrombosis and left lung hypoplasia: a case report.

Introduction: Spontaneous intrauterine arterial thrombosis and congenital pulmonary hypoplasia are rare conditions and have not been reported to occur together. The literature rather includes two reports of babies with neonatal pulmonary artery occlusion and post-infarction cysts of the lungs.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a live Caucasian male newborn with left lung hypoplasia that occurred in association with left pulmonary artery thrombosis.

A neonate with microphthalmia and median clefting of the lower lip and mandible.

Median clefts of the lower lip and mandible are very rare congenital anomalies. We report a female infant born to nonconsanguineous parents with unilateral microphthalmia and complete median clefting of the lower lip and mandible. This uncommon constellation of congenital malformations has never been reported in a liveborn infant.