The Role of the Eyelids of the Black-Winged Kite, Elanus caeruleus in the Immune Protection of the Eye.

This study aimed to describe the morphological features and microstructure of the upper, lower, and third eyelids of the black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus, and to characterize the organized lymphoid follicles and lymphocytes in the eyelid mucosa. Additionally, it aimed to illustrate the importance of the eye adnexa in the eye's immune protection. The upper, lower, and third eyelids display varying morphological differences that seem to be closely linked to the birds' way of life, indicating adjustments to their environment and eating behaviors.

The Correlation Between the Eyelids Characteristics and Their Kinetic Performance in Two Wild Birds.

The present avian anatomists have shown a renewed interest in looking at whether the structure of the avian eyelid is accommodated by the kinetic achievement for each eyelid. The current work utilised both histological and anatomical methods to explore the eyelid's structural association with their kinetic, utilising the hoopoe and cattle egret as natural models. The third lid moved only without implicating other lids.