Functional outcomes of single-session holmium laser enucleation of the prostate and high-intensity focused ultrasound in management of patients with prostate cancer and enlarged prostate: results from a pilot study.

Purpose: In patients with prostate cancer (PCa), focal therapy with High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) combined with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) surgery has been used to improve immediate post-operative voiding symptoms. Our study aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes of patients undergoing simultaneous holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) + HIFU and compare them to those who underwent HoLEP for bladder outlet obstruction secondary to BPH.

Methods: We performed retrospective review of patients who underwent HoLEP + HIFU or HoLEP between June 2017 and May 2024.

Impact of BMI Category on Recurrence and Progression of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Prognosis.

Objective: To assess the association of being overweight or obese with Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrence, stage progression, and grade progression.

Methods: Patients with NMIBC were included and categorized into 3 groups based on their body mass index (BMI): normal weight, overweight, and obese. Recurrence was defined as any histologically proven bladder cancer on subsequent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).

HRS Improves Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer by Timely Identification of Progression.

Rationale And Objectives: Active surveillance (AS) is the preferred management strategy for low-risk prostate cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Habitat Risk Score (HRS), an automated approach for mpMRI analysis, for early detection of progressors in a prospective AS clinical trial (MAST NCT02242773).

Materials And Methods: The MAST protocol includes Confirmatory mpMRI ultrasound fusion (MRI-US) biopsy and yearly surveillance MRI-US biopsies for up to 3 years.

Assessing the Molecular Heterogeneity of Prostate Cancer Biopsy Sampling: Insights from the MAST Trial.

Background And Objective: Prostate cancer (PC) heterogeneity can result in sampling discrepancies during biopsy, leading to inaccurate molecular classifications that affect treatment decisions. We evaluated transcriptomic profile variability between multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-targeted biopsy (TBx) and systematic biopsy (SBx) methods using the Decipher GRID platform.

Methods: The study included 205 men from the MAST trial.

Survival Outcomes and Recurrence Patterns Following Focal High-intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer: Insights on Patient Selection and Lessons Learned.

Background And Objective: Focal therapy is increasingly being used as a treatment for localized prostate cancer (PC). Our aim was to evaluate oncological outcomes, recurrence patterns, and survival after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), to discuss the lessons learned from our experience, and to propose strategies to enhance patient selection for HIFU treatment.

Methods: Between 2016 and 2023, 113 patients underwent focal HIFU treatment for PC.

Changing times: trends in risk classification, tumor upstaging, and positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy - results from a contemporary National Cancer Database study.

Purpose: Recent advancements in screening, prostate MRI, robotic surgery, and active surveillance have influenced the profile of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). We sought to examine their impact on trends in clinicodemographic, risk classification, and adverse pathology in men undergoing surgery.

Methods: We queried the National Cancer Database for clinicodemographic, risk group, and pathology data in men undergoing upfront RP between 2006 and 2020.

Evaluating 4Kscore's role in predicting progression on active surveillance for prostate cancer independently of clinical information and PIRADS score.

Background: 4Kscore is used to aid the decision for prostate biopsy, however its role in active surveillance (AS) has not been investigated in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based protocol. Our objective was to assess the association between 4Kscore and progression in men undergoing AS on a prospective MRI-based protocol.

Methods: This was a single-institution, single-arm, non-therapeutic, interventional trial of 166 men with biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer enrolled between 2014-2020.

Salvage local treatment for recurrent prostate cancer after focal therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of salvage local treatment in managing recurrent PCa following FT, focusing on oncological and functional outcomes.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following the PRISMA framework. A comprehensive literature search using the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed until July 2023.

Optimal Management for Primary High Grade Ta Bladder Cancer: Role of re-staging TURBT and Intravesical Adjuvant Therapy.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of risk group classification, restaging transurethral resection (re-TURBT), and adjuvant treatment intensity on recurrence and progression risks in high-grade Ta tumours in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Materials And Methods: Data from a comprehensive bladder cancer database were utilized for this study. Patients with primary high-grade Ta tumours were included.

Assessing safety and efficacy of a novel glucose-free amino acid oral rehydration solution for watery diarrhea management in children: a randomized, controlled, phase III trial.

Background: Diarrhoeal disease poses a significant global health challenge, especially in children under three years old. Despite the effectiveness of oral rehydration therapy (ORT), its adoption remains low. Glucose-based ORS (GORS) is the standard, but novel formulations like glucose-free amino acid-based VS002A have emerged as potential alternatives.

Clinical variables associated with major adverse cardiac events following radical cystectomy.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the association between major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and clinical factors of patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis using the 2015-2020 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was performed on patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer. MACE was defined as any report of cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, or thromboembolic events (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis).

Outcomes of ablative therapy and radical treatment for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To compare biochemical recurrence, sexual potency and urinary continence outcomes of ablative therapy and radical treatment (radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy).

Material And Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines were performed. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed.

Clinical-Genomic Risk Group Classification of Suspicious Lesions on Prostate Multiparametric-MRI.

The utilization of multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) in clinical decisions regarding prostate cancer patients' management has recently increased. After biopsy, clinicians can assess risk using National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk stratification schema and commercially available genomic classifiers, such as Decipher. We built radiomics-based models to predict lesions/patients at low risk prior to biopsy based on an established three-tier clinical-genomic classification system.

Racial disparity in the utilization of immunotherapy for advanced prostate cancer.

Purpose: To identify whether there was a disparity in the utilization of immunotherapy in the treatment of black patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we identified patients between 2010- 2015 with likely minimally/asymptomatic mCRPC. We analyzed annual trends for chemotherapy and immunotherapy use and compared utilization by demographic and clinical features.

The Influence of the Microbiome on Urological Malignancies: A Systematic Review.

The microbiome, once considered peripheral, is emerging as a relevant player in the intricate web of factors contributing to cancer development and progression. These often overlooked microorganisms, in the context of urological malignancies, have been investigated primarily focusing on the gut microbiome, while exploration of urogenital microorganisms remains limited. Considering this, our systematic review delves into the complex role of these understudied actors in various neoplastic conditions, including prostate, bladder, kidney, penile, and testicular cancers.

A multi-institutional study of 1,111 men with 4K score, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, and prostate biopsy.

Objective: Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarkers are often used in conjunction to enhance the selection process for prostate biopsy. However, the optimal sequence of ordering these tests has not been established. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on a large multi-institutional cohort of patients who underwent MRI, 4K score, and biopsy of the prostate to examine the impact of utilizing both tests vs.

Incidence and predictors of deep incisional and organ/space surgical site infection following radical cystectomy.

Objective: To investigate clinical risk factors associated with postoperative deep incisional or organ/space surgical site infections (SSI) following radical cystectomy (RC) in a well characterized and large contemporary cohort.

Methods: We used the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to identify adult patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer between 2015 and 2020 (n = 13,081). We conducted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and Cox adjusted proportional hazards regression analysis to identify clinical predictors of deep incisional or organ/space SSI in the 30-day postoperative-period following RC.

Predictors of discharge to home following major surgery for urologic malignancies: Results from the national surgical quality improvement program.

Objectives: To identify patient risk factors that predict nonhome discharge after surgery for urologic malignancies as well as determine whether discharge status had an impact on readmission rates in patients undergoing surgery for urologic malignancies.

Methods: We identified patients who had undergone surgery for urologic malignancies including prostate, bladder, kidney, or upper tract urothelial cancer from 2011 to 2019 in the American College of Surgeon National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify patient characteristics that were associated with nonhome discharges and 30-day postoperative readmission.

Finerenone: A Novel Third-Generation Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist.

Finerenone is a novel third-generation, selective nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in July of 2021 for its use in adults with chronic kidney disease and Type II diabetes mellitus. Randomized controlled trials The Finerenone in Reducing Kidney Failure and Disease Progression in Diabetic Kidney Disease and Finerenone in Reducing Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease showed decreased adverse kidney and cardiovascular outcomes, respectively, in this population. The incidence of hyperkalemia, while higher in the study versus placebo group, was lower than older generations of MRAs (spironolactone and eplerenone) and proved to be an infrequent cause for drug discontinuation.

Efficacy of dopamine, epinephrine and blood transfusion for treatment of fluid refractory shock in children with severe acute malnutrition or severe underweight and cholera or other dehydrating diarrhoeas: protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: Diarrhoea is one of the leading causes of under-5 childhood mortality and accounts for 8% of 5.4 million global under-5 deaths. In severely malnourished children, diarrhoea progresses to shock, where the risk of mortality is even higher.

Citrulline and kynurenine to tryptophan ratio: potential EED (environmental enteric dysfunction) biomarkers in acute watery diarrhea among children in Bangladesh.

Two emerging biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) include plasma citrulline (CIT), and the kynurenine (KYN): tryptophan (TRP)/ (KT) ratio. We sought to investigate the plasma concentration of CIT and KT ratio among the children having dehydrating diarrhea and examine associations between concentrations of CIT and KT ratio with concurrent factors. For this analysis, we used cross-sectional data from a total of 102, 6-36 months old male children who suffered from non-cholera acute watery diarrhea and had some dehydration admitted to an urban diarrheal hospital, in Bangladesh.

Chronic Aflatoxin Exposure and Cognitive and Language Development in Young Children of Bangladesh: A Longitudinal Study.

Aflatoxin can cross the blood-brain barrier, damage brain tissues, and have the potential to harm the development of the human brain. Although dietary aflatoxin exposure is common in children, there is a paucity of data on aflatoxin exposure and child developmental outcomes. The child's cognitive, motor, and language functions were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III or BSID-III at the same time points.

A comprehensive intervention package improves the linear growth of children under 2-years-old in rural Bangladesh: a community-based cluster randomized controlled trial.

Approximately one-third of children under the age of five are stunted in developing countries and many of them are micronutrient-deficient. We designed a comprehensive intervention package including egg/milk-based snacks to improve linear growth and dietary diversity among 6 to 12-month-old children in rural Bangladesh. In this 1-year community-based cluster randomized controlled longitudinal experiment, 412 mother-infant pairs were randomly assigned to receive either monthly food vouchers (for eggs, milk, semolina, sugar, and oil) to prepare egg and milk-based snacks for their children, along with multiple micronutrient powder (MNP), counseling on child feeding and handwashing, or regular government health communication alone (control; n = 206, treatment; n = 206).

Changes in male sexuality after urologic cancer: a narrative review.

Objective: To describe the most common sexual problems and changes experienced by male urological cancer survivors, focusing on evidence-based practices for assessment and intervention.

Materials And Methods: We search the PubMed, Embase, and SciELO databases between 1994 and 2022, using the following key words: "urological cancer", "urological malignances", "genitourinary cancer", "male sexual health", and "male sexual dysfunction".

Results: This narrative review provides an overview of the current literature involving the impact of diagnosis and treatment of urological cancers on male sexual function.