Intraorbital ganglioglioma of optic nerve in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1.

We report the case of an orbital optic nerve gangliogoma in a 55-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Clinical course neuroimaging findings, pathology, and treatment options of gangliogloma are discussed and contrasted with pilocytic astrocytomas of the optic nerve, a much more frequent visual pathway neoplasm in NF1 patients.

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome--diagnostic problem of painful ophthalmoplegia.

Background: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is an uncommon disease caused by non-specific inflammation of the cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure and the apex of the orbit. The disease is characterized by periorbital pain, paresis of the bulbomotor and quick response to steroid treatment. The orbital process may lead to optic nerve atrophy.

Transvenous embolization of dural carotid cavernous fistula through the facial and ophthalmic vein.

Introduction: Dural carotid cavernous fistula is acquired, relatively rare, condition comprising of numerous small-caliber meningeal arterial branches, draining directly into cavernous sinus. Endovascular therapy is the treatment of choice, preferably by a transvenous approach. In the case of inaccessible inferior petrosal sinus, other alternative routes are considered.

[Primitive trigeminal artery associated (corrected) with arteriovenous malformation of cerebellum].

Introduction: Persistence of fetal cerebral carotid basilar anastomoses is rare. When it occurs, it is often associated with other vascular malformations, and other pathological conditions. Trigeminal primitive artery persistence is the most often among them.

Multiple cavernous hemangiomas of the orbit: separate occurrence within a 24-year period.

Background: Cavernous hemangioma is a frequent and the most common, primary, benign tumor of the orbit in adults. It is typically single and unilateral, considered not to recur after having been completely excised. Multiple orbital cavernous hemangiomas without signs of hemangiomatosis are rare.

[Vasculature of the distal part of optic nerve].

Background/aim: Vascularisation of the distal, namely intracranial and intracanalicular parts of the optic nerve have not been explained in conventional textbooks of anatomy, while there have been explanations of proximal, that is intraorbital segment. The aim of this research was to study the pattern of arterial supply of the intracranial and intracanalicular part (the distal part) of human optic nerve.

Methods: The optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery (OA), predominately in their intracranial and intracanalicular parts, were investigated in 25 human specimens by three different methods: macroscopic, stereomicroscopic, and histological observations.

A retrospective analysis of anesthesiologic complications in pediatric neurosurgery.

Background And Objective: Different clinical and surgical factors can influence the occurrence of anesthesiologic complications in pediatric neurosurgery. Preoperative knowledge of these factors is of great importance in the application of safe anesthetics and a favorable surgical outcome. The objective was to establish the importance of clinical and surgical risk factors on the frequency of anesthesia complications in pediatric neurosurgery.

Intrapontine malignant nerve sheath tumor: MRI and MRS features.

The primary source of malignant intracerebral nerve sheath tumors is still unclear We report the imaging and MR spectroscopic findings in a 39-year-old man with a very rare brain stem tumor MR examination revealed the presence of intraaxial brain stem tumor with a partial exophytic growth. On pathological examination, the neoplasm appeared to be an intrapontine nerve sheath tumor originating most likely from the intrapontine segment of one of the cranial nerve fibres. The tumor showed exophytic growth, with consequent spread to adjacent subaracnoid space.

[A laboratory multipositional skull base holder].

Authors present an original multipositional holder for skull base cadaveric specimens, either formalin or fresh. It is constructed to be fixated for standard neurosurgical operating table, devoted for laboratory micro neurosurgical dissection and suitable for simulation operation on patient. The holder is made of solid stainless steel, practical and easy for cleaning.

Resection of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in an infant with the aid of preoperative partial arterial embolization. A case report.

Since the introduction of non-invasive imaging techniques (CT, US, MRI), super selective cerebrospinal angiography has been playing a major role as a diagnostic tool as well as a therapeutic procedure prior to surgery or as an alternative. Surgical neuroangiography is currently a well-established therapeutic technique in neuropediatrics even in newborns or infants with vascular lesions in different parts of the body. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissue that primarily affects children.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the oculomotor nerve.

We present the short-term follow-up magnetic resonance (MR) studies and 1H-MR spectroscopy in a child with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the oculomotor nerve associated with other less aggressive cranial nerve schwannomas. The tumor revealed perineural extension and diffuse nerve involvement besides rapid growth. 1H-MR spectroscopy was helpful in excluding an intra-axial neoplasm with exophytic growth, mainly due to the absence of creatine and N-acetyl aspartate peaks, and markedly elevated choline peak.

[Intracranial menigioma manifested after delivery in a patient with Hodgkin's disease].

Background: Intracranial meningioma is rerely reported in the patients treated for Hodgkin's disease (HD), known to mainly occur in the area of radiation therapy.

Case Report: A 26-year-old woman with HD, and intracranial meningioma following the delivery, was presented. As we knew, a similar case had not been reported in the literature before.

[Significance of the spatial reconstruction based on mathematical modeling in the surgical treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms].

Background: The use of computer models for the 3-dimensional reconstruction could be a reliable method to overcome technical imperfections of diagnostic procedures for the microsurgical operation of giant intracranial aneurysms.

Case Report: We presented a case of successfully operated 52-year-old woman with giant intracranial aneurysm, in which the computer 3-dimensional reconstruction of blood vessels and the aneurysmal neck had been decisive for making the diagnosis. The model for 3-dimensional reconstruction of blood vessels was based on the two 2-dimensional projections of the conventional angiography.

Parkinsonian voice acoustic analysis in real-time after stereotactic thalamotomy.

The voice acoustic structure in 7 male patients with Parkinson's disease was analyzed 1 week before and 1 week after right-sided thalamotomy. The voice signal of the 3-digit number 306 was analyzed in real-time using a digital frequency analyzer. The average value of intensity level during the initial segment of the speech signal became higher after thalamotomy (75.

[Intraorbital wooden foreign body, diagnosed by NMR and ultrasonography, and extirpation by cranio-orbital approach].

Aim: The case of the phlegmon of the left orbit associated with ophtalmoplegia and blindness in a 16-years old boy was presented. It was caused by the penetrafion of the wooden foreign body under unknown circumstances.

Case Report: Repeated CT scans did not reveal the presence of the foreign body before MR imaging and ultrasonography.

Peritoneo-vulvar catheter extrusion after shunt operation.

We report an unusual case of catheter extrusion through the external genitalia. between the labium majus and the labium minus, in a 6-month-old hydrocephalic baby. The event occurred 5 months after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

[Dysconnection syndrome in a boy with tumorous lesion of corpus callosum].

We report on a 12-years-old boy with glioma of the septum pellucidum which invaded and infiltrated the adjacent structures including neocortical commissures. Neuropsychological evaluation revealed the loss of interhemispheric integration and hemisphere dysconnection syndrome. Our patient demonstrated left-sided ideo-motor apraxia to verbal commands and left-sided agrafia, being unable to copy, write to dictation and formulate his own sentences with the left hand.

[Craniopharyngiomas in children and adolescents].

In sixtheen children and adolescents primary operation of craniopharyngioma over the period from January 1987 to February 1992 was carried out. The age of these patients ranged from nine months to eighteen years. There were nine females and seven males.

Jackson-Weiss syndrome registered in four successive generations. The facies of Crouzon's syndrome with foot abnormalities.

A family with 15 individuals in four successive generations affected by Jackson-Weiss syndrome, craniosynostosis with Crouzon-variant-like phenotype and feet's abnormalities, is presented. An autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with complete penetrance, variable expressivity, and wide intrafamilial variation, more among, less within the same generation, was observed. Concerning the frequency and severity of complications, the evolution of craniofacial deformities seems to parallel those described with Crouzon syndrome, suggesting the similar evaluation and management.

[Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in term neonates and infants].

Twenty nine full term haemophiliac neonates and babies, aged eight months with acute intracerebral haemorrhage are reported: four babies with haemophiliac status, one with intracerebellar bleeding due to microvascular malformation, and 24 babies in whom the cause of bleeding could not be established (probably vitamin-K deficiency). Fourteen surgeries were performed in ten babies. When dramatic neurological signs of spontaneous cerebral stroke develop in a term newborn or a baby they require immediate ultrasonographic examination.

Surgical treatment of epilepsy: our experiences with 34 children.

Surgical treatment of medically intractable epileptic fits in children is highly specialized, owing to the specific etiology of epilepsies in this age group and the epileptogenic property of the brain in childhood. In our series of 340 patients operated on for medically intractable epileptic seizures, there were 34 (10%) patients up to 15 years of age (the youngest was 2 years old; mean age was 11 years). This group of patients comprises four subgroups: 9 patients with temporal foci, 6 patients with extratemporal foci, 16 patients with infantile hemiplegia and epilepsy, and 3 patients with epilepsia partialis continua (Kozhevnikov's disease).

[Modern aspects of treatment of medulloblastomas/primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the posterior cranial fossa in children].

The authors present 34 medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumours of the posterior fossa in children operated during the last ten years (1979-1989). Total removal of tumours has been performed in 13, and maximal-subtotal resection in 19 patients. Only four tumours were classified as small (group T1-T2).

[Transplantation of nigral and adrenal tissue into the striatum in rats--an experimental model for the surgical treatment of Parkinson disease].

Transplantation of fetal nigral tissue, fetal and adult adrenal tissue into the dorsal segment of caudate nucleus was performed in 28 rats (wistar). Ventral mesencephalon of fetuses aged 16-17 weeks was used as a nigral graft. Adrenal medulla was taken from fetuses aged 17-20 weeks and from adult rats.

[Implantation of radioactive isotopes in intracranial tumors].

From may 1986 to July 1988 ten patients have been treated by interstitial implantation of radioactive isotopes using Yttrium 90 colloidal solution (9 cases) and Aurum 198 grains (1 case). There were 7 cystic out of 8 craniopharyngiomas, one malignant pituitary adenoma and one hemispheric Astrocytoma grade III-IV. In all but one patient the tumors were recurrent after one or more reductive or palliative operations.