Minimal gauge vitrectomy for optic disc pit maculopathy: Our results.

The purpose of the study was to describe the surgical technique and clinical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy without laser or gas tamponade in cases with optic disc pit maculopathy at our centre. Six eyes of six consecutive patients presenting with unilateral optic disc pit maculopathy were enrolled. Preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed to determine the presence and extent of schisis and macular detachment.

Age estimation in Indian children and adolescents in the NCR region of Haryana: A comparative study.

Introduction: Age estimation is a preliminary step in the identification of an individual. It is a crucial and often most critical step for forensic experts. The assessment has been standardized utilizing common dental diagnostic x-rays, but most such age-estimating systems are European population-based and their applicability has not been determined in the context of the Indian population.

PROBIOTIC APPROACHES FOR TARGETING INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: AN UPDATE ON ADVANCES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN MANAGING THE DISEASE.

Various commensal enteric and pathogenic bacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), a chronic condition with a pathogenic background that involves both immunogenetic and environmental factors. IBDs comprising of Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis, and pauchitis are chronic inflammatory conditions, and known for causing disturbed homeostatic balance among the intestinal immune compartment, gut epithelium and microbiome. An increasing trend of IBDs in incidence, prevalence, and severity has been reported during recent years.

Gut microbiota in health and disease: an overview focused on metabolic inflammation.

In concern to the continuously rising global prevalence of obesity, diabetes and associated diseases, novel preventive and therapeutic approaches are urgently required. However, to explore and develop such innovative strategies, a meticulous comprehension of the biological basis of these diseases is extremely important. Past decade has witnessed an enormous amount of research investigation and advancement in the field of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, with the gut microbiota receiving a special focus in the triangle of nutrition, health and diseases.

Effect of EDTA Conditioning and Carbodiimide Pretreatment on the Bonding Performance of All-in-One Self-Etch Adhesives.

Objective. This study evaluated the effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) conditioning and carbodiimide (EDC) pretreatment on the shear bond strength of two all-in-one self-etch adhesives to dentin. Methods.

Sensitive quantification of Clostridium perfringens in human feces by quantitative real-time PCR targeting alpha-toxin and enterotoxin genes.

Background: Clostridium perfringens is a widespread pathogen, but the precise quantification of this subdominant gut microbe remains difficult due to its low fecal count (particularly in asymptomatic subjects) and also due to the presence of abundant polymerase-inhibitory substances in human feces. Also, information on the intestinal carriage of toxigenic C. perfringens strains in healthy subjects is sparse.

The Two-Way Association of Periodontal Infection with Systemic Disorders: An Overview.

Oral cavity that harbors diverse bacterial populations could also act as a site of origin for spread of pathogenic microorganisms to different body sites, particularly in immunocompromised hosts, patients, the elderly, or the underprivileged. A number of recent publications have advocated that patients with periodontal diseases are more susceptible to metabolic endotoxemia, inflammation, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other related systemic complications, concluding that periodontal diseases could be a potential contributing risk factor for a wide array of clinically important systemic diseases. However, despite a significant increase in the prevalence of periodontal infections and systemic diseases in the past few decades, the fundamental biological mechanisms of connection between these ailments are still not fully explicated.

Bonding efficacy of etch-and-rinse adhesives after dentin biomodification using ethanol saturation and collagen cross-linker pretreatment.

Aim: To evaluate whether the application of two simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives to biomodified dentin using ethanol-wet bonding (EWB) and collagen cross-linker (CCL) pretreatment improves their sealing ability.

Materials And Methods: In 176 extracted human molars, the pulp-chambers were deroofed, and teeth were sectioned horizontally. Samples were randomly divided into eight groups according to four bonding techniques using two simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives; Adper Single Bond 2 (ASB) and XP Bond (XPB).

Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided Management Algorithm for Descemet Membrane Detachment After Intraocular Surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) in the detection and management of Descemet membrane detachment (DMD) in cases of persistent corneal edema after intraocular surgery. An ASOCT-guided new algorithm for the management of such DMDs is described.

Methods: Thirty-seven consecutive cases of persistent corneal edema of more than 2-week duration after intraocular surgery were included.

Toric intraocular lens versus monofocal intraocular lens implantation and photorefractive keratectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of phacoemulsification with toric intraocular lens implantation vs phacoemulsification with monofocal intraocular lens implantation followed by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for correction of pre-existing astigmatism.

Design: Randomized controlled trial, 6-month study.

Methods: setting: Institutional.

Pulmonary Hemorrhage (PH) in Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) Infants: Successful Treatment with Surfactant.

We report a case of an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant presenting with pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) in which we have given surfactant after an acute episode of bleeding with severe intractable hypoxemia. Surfactant replacement therapy showed improvement in Mean Airway Pressure (MAP) and oxygenation indices. Our case suggests that surfactant replacement therapy is useful in PH.

Periodontal status and oral health-related quality of life in elderly residents of aged care homes in Delhi.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between clinical periodontal findings and oral health-related quality of life in elderly people residing in the aged care homes of Delhi, India.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 residents of aged care homes across Delhi. Data were collected by carrying out clinical oral examinations and by filling a self-administered questionnaire.

Arrestant property of recently manipulated soil on Macrotermes michaelseni as determined through visual tracking and automatic labeling of individual termite behaviors.

The construction of termite nests has been suggested to be organized by a stigmergic process that makes use of putative cement pheromone found in saliva and recently manipulated soil ("nest material"), hypothesized to specifically induce material deposition by workers. Herein, we tracked 100 individuals placed in arenas filled with a substrate of half nest material, half clean soil, and used automatic labeling software to identify behavioral states. Our findings suggest that nest material acts to arrest termites; termites prefer to spend time on nest material when compared against clean soil.

Influence of double application technique on the bonding effectiveness of self-etch adhesive systems.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of double-application of single-step self-etch adhesives using microleakage study and to analyze the dentin-adhesive interfacial micromorphology.

Methods: In total, 72 extracted human premolars were divided into three groups for different self-etch adhesives (G Bond, GC [GB], Optibond, Kerr [OB], and Xeno V Plus, Dentsply [XV]). Class V cavities were prepared.

Effect of ethanol wet bonding technique on the durability of resin- dentin bond with contemporary adhesive systems.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of ethanol wet bonding technique on the immediate and long term bond strength of simplified etch and rinse adhesive systems to dentin.

Study Design: 96 extracted human permanent molars were ground to expose the flat dentin surface. The teeth were divided into four groups (n=24) according to the adhesives used, either Tetric N Bond or Solobond M and bonding techniques i.

Preliminary Clinical Evidence of the Antiplaque, Antigingivitis Efficacy of a Mouthwash Containing 2% Green Tea - A Randomised Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of a mouthwash containing 2% green tea as compared to a placebo mouthwash for the control of plaque and gingivitis.

Materials And Methods: A randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted on 110 male subjects 18-60 years of age. The inclusion criteria were having a minimum of 20 sound natural teeth, a plaque index (PI) of at least 1.

Estimation of stature in a young adult indian population using the Carrea's index.

The stature or height of an individual is useful for assisting in forensic identifications. Teeth can act as a valuable tool for stature estimation when only the skull is available. Carrea's index estimates the stature of a person from the dimensions of lower anterior teeth.

Photodynamic therapy: An adjunct to conventional root canal disinfection strategies.

Although chemical-based root canal disinfectants are important to reduce microbial loads and remove infected smear layer from root dentin, they have only a limited ability to eliminate biofilm bacteria, especially from root complexities. This paper explores the novel photodynamic therapy (PDT) for antimicrobial disinfection of root canals. The combination of an effective photosensitizer, the appropriate wavelength of light and ambient oxygen is the key factor in PDT.

Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius UBL S22 and Prebiotic Fructo-oligosaccharide on Serum Lipids, Inflammatory Markers, Insulin Sensitivity, and Gut Bacteria in Healthy Young Volunteers: A Randomized Controlled Single-Blind Pilot Study.

This study investigated the effect of 6-week supplementation of a probiotic strain Lactobacillus salivarius UBL S22 with or without prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) on serum lipid profiles, immune responses, insulin sensitivity, and gut lactobacilli in 45 healthy young individuals. The patients were divided into 3 groups (15/group), that is, placebo, probiotic, and synbiotic. After 6 weeks, a significant reduction (P < .

Robotics. Programmable self-assembly in a thousand-robot swarm.

Self-assembly enables nature to build complex forms, from multicellular organisms to complex animal structures such as flocks of birds, through the interaction of vast numbers of limited and unreliable individuals. Creating this ability in engineered systems poses challenges in the design of both algorithms and physical systems that can operate at such scales. We report a system that demonstrates programmable self-assembly of complex two-dimensional shapes with a thousand-robot swarm.

A rare case of accidental esophageal perforation in an extremely low birth weight neonate.

Spontaneous perforation of esophagus in neonates is a rare occurrence. However iatrogenic perforation of the esophagus is not that uncommon, and is most frequently seen in preterm and low birth weight infants. In premature infants, an esophageal perforation (EP) mainly occurs while inserting an orogastric tube.

Adhesive bonding to pulp chamber dentin after different irrigation regimens.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and NaOCl irrigation on the microleakage and interfacial morphology of adhesives bonded to pulp chamber dentin.

Methods: The pulp chamber roof of 72 extracted permanent molars was removed. Samples were equally divided into six groups.

A computational framework for identifying design guidelines to increase the penetration of targeted nanoparticles into tumors.

Targeted nanoparticles are increasingly being engineered for the treatment of cancer. By design, they can passively accumulate in tumors, selectively bind to targets in their environment, and deliver localized treatments. However, the penetration of targeted nanoparticles deep into tissue can be hindered by their slow diffusion and a high binding affinity.

Corneal changes in diabetic patients after manual small incision cataract surgery.

Background: Diabetics have abnormal corneal morphology along with higher rate of corneal endothelial cell loss and decreased corneal endothelial cell density and early onset of cataract.

Aim: To evaluate the changes in corneal endothelium and corneal thickness in patients with diabetes mellitus after Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) in eyes with brunescent Cataract.

Materials And Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and 60 eyes of 60 age matched healthy patients of advanced brunescent cataract underwent MSICS were evaluated.