[Characteristics of bloodstain patterns in bleeding from a contused wound of head with rupture of a branch of superficial temporal artery].

An expert case is presented in which a man was found dead in his apartment, on the bed. Upon examination of the crime scene, the deceased was found to have a contused wound of the frontoparietal region on the left side. The apartment contained a large number of bloodstains, including patterns characteristic of arterial spurt.

[Possibilities of educational process and researches realization using organs and tissues of the deceased person].

The article presents the results of analysis of doctors' practical training as well as scientific research using organs and tissues of the deceased person. The main problematic aspects preventing appropriate realization of the possibility to use the unclaimed bodies, organs and tissues of the deceased person for these purposes are highlighted based on the study of regulatory framework controlling these activities, scientific publications on defined topic, as well as the direct authors' participation in the training of resident doctors and PhD students.

[Fatal injury to the neck while working with an angle grinder].

A fatal accident using an angle grinder is presented. During the forensic medical examination of the corpse, a soft tissue wound of the neck was found, localized in the region of its anterior and right lateral surfaces, with damage to the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, sternocleidomastoid and sternothyroid muscles, thyroid lobe, incomplete transection of the trachea and esophagus caused by the rotating disc of an angle grinder. This observation supplements the existing ideas about injuries caused by power tools, as well as the possibility of reconstructing an event based on a comprehensive assessment of data from the scene.

[The distinc features of a blood drip stain on a surface covered with house dust].

The purpose of the investigation is to establish the characteristics of a blood drip stains on a surface covered with house dust. In most cases, objects at the crime scene are covered in some degree of dust deposits. Accordingly, in external bleeding wounds, blood drops on dusty surfaces.

[The occurrence of contact traces of blood during medical and forensic examinations].

The purpose of the study is a theoretical analysis of the available types of contact traces of blood and the establishment of their occurrence at the objects of medical and forensic examinations. Contact marks are formed as a result of the mechanical interaction of two objects, one of which is stained with blood. The literature data allow us to distinguish several types of contact traces of blood: impressions, smears, smearing, «voids», traces in the form of changes in the existing stain from wiping, washing, traces-artifacts from insects.

Mapping homicide by 3-D modelling of bloodstain patterns at crime scene.

Background: Three-dimensional (3-D) modelling can be a useful technical aid and we used it to reconstruct a homicide scene to corroborate the statement of an eyewitness. 3-D modelling of the bloodstain was conducted by Micro Smith Poser 11 and Autodesk 3-Ds Max software. The technique was found to be easily understandable by the police and judiciary in the interpretation of the sequence of the events of the crime.

[The study of blood stains at the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Sechenov University over the period of its existence].

The historical analysis and the results of research activities of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Sechenov University on the study of blood stains as important material evidence in forensic medicine and forensic science are presented. The personal contribution to the solution of this problem of outstanding forensic doctors whose life and work was associated with the department was noted.

[Pneumocephaly: an expert assessment in determining the severity of harm to health].

The purpose of the work is the analysis of etiology and pathogenesis of pneumocephaly in various injuries, diseases and pathological conditions for the reasonable determination of the severity of health damage during forensic medical examinations. The analysis of literature data on the causes and mechanisms of pneumocephaly is given. Attention is paid to the assessment of pneumocephaly in determining the health damage in patients with traumatic brain injury or if it is suspected.

[Variants for conducting situational studies and expertises in forensic medical practice].

The aim of the study is to analyze the features of commissioning and conducting the forensic situational studies and expertises and to consider variants for their practical implementation. The importance of a situational analysis when conducting various types of forensic medical expertises is considered. The variants for conducting situational studies and situational expertises in practical work are proposed.

[Types of splashing of blood drops when falling on various surfaces].

Aim of this study is to determine the influence of the surface irregularities on the presence and pattern of splashing in the area of the blood drop trace.Spraying of a freely falling drop of blood on various surfaces from a height of 10 to 150 cm was studied. It is suggested to distinguish primary and secondary spraying.

[Forensic, clinical and anatomical aspects of diagnosising diaphragmatic injuries in stab wounds].

Aim: To improve the quality of clinical and forensic examination and diagnosis of diaphragmatic injury (DI) from stab wounds by defining the boundaries of the thoraco-abdominal region and the topographic and anatomical characteristics of thoracoabdominal stab wounds.

Material And Methods: Based on the results of forensic medical examinations of 81 corpses with stab wounds, the clinical and anatomical characteristics of thoraco-abdominal stab wounds were noted; and in anatomical dissections of 90 cadavers, the boundaries of the intercostal spaces and costophrenic recess were modeled.

Result: The boundaries of the thoraco-abdominal region, and the location of stab wounds that make the probability of DI particularly high (10-50%) were clarified.

[Influence of negative ambient temperature on the morphology of blood droplet traces].

The aim of this study was to identify the peculiarities of blood droplets on the street in frosty weather on the surfaces of objects with a negative temperature. The effect of negative ambient temperature (-19 °C) on the morphology of blood droplet traces was experimentally established. On cold trace surfaces, the droplet footprint was smaller, relatively flat and with wave-shaped edges; there was no splashing.

[Analysis of blood morphology in the case of arterial damage].

The aim of this study was the morphological analysis of traces of arterial bleeding, depending on the size of the blood vessel damage. A total of 21 archived medical-criminalistic expert reports related to the establishment of the types and mechanisms of blood trace formations were analysed. In all cases, there was damage to the arteries with external bleeding.

[Classification of medical-criminalistic situational examinations].

The aim of this study was to develop a detailed applied classification of medical-criminalistic situational examinations. This paper proposes a classification of importance for practice and research of medical-criminalistic expertise on the reconstruction of events. The basic criteria which determine how the classification of situational examinations is performed are considered.

[The possibility for determining the height of the fall of the blood drops based on the size of the bloodspots].

The objective of the present study was to determine the size of the bloodspots produced by the blood drops of different volume (5, 20, 40, and 80 mcl) falling down from different heights to enable the evaluation of the height of a suspended bloodstained object. The bloodspots of the blood drops of different volume (5, 20, 40, and 80 mcl) falling down from different heights were obtained under the experimental conditions. It was shown that the size of the bloodspots increases with the increasing height of fall: the greater the height the larger is the diameter of the bloodspots.

[The analysis of the results of the medical criminalistics expertises of the blood stains performed at the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department during the period from 2011 till 2015].

The objective of the present study was the analysis of the results of the medical criminalistics expertises of the blood stains with reference to their different characteristics including the occurrence across the years, variability, the forms and parameters of the traumatizing impacts, the properties of the objects with which the injuries were inflicted, etc. The majority of the data necessary for the analysis were extracted from the archive materials of the Medical and Criminalistic Department of the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department for the period from 2011 till 2015. A total of 5749 expertises performed during this time included 107 analyses of blood stains, 98 trace-evidence and 9 situational analyses.

[The history of collaboration between the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department and the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Sechenovsky University].

This article presents the materials devoted to the long-term history of collaboration between the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department and the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Sechenovsky University. Special attention is given to the contribution made by the Department of Forensic Medicine to the scientific and practical activities, methodological and staffing support first of the Moscow forensic medical services and thereafter of the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise operating under the auspices of the Moscow Health Department. Simultaneously, the influence of the work of the Moscow Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise on the development and improvement of the scientific, methodological, and pedagogical activities of the Russia's oldest Department of Forensic Medicine is overviewed.

[The joint scientific research projects carried out by the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Sechenovsky University and the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department].

This article was designed to report the results of scientific research and practical forensic medical work carried out jointly by the personnel of Department of Forensic Medicine of the Sechenovsky University and the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department during the last 5 years.

[The specific features of the blood stains depending on their volume].

The objective of the present study was to determine the minimal and maximum volume of blood droplets freely falling from various droplet-forming surfaces and to characterize the specific morphological features of the resulting stains. The experiments were designed so that the blood droplets were allowed to fall down from the height of 10 cm to 1.5 m.

[The peculiar morphological features of the blood stains on the snow over of different density].

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the peculiar morphological features of the blood stains on the snow over of different density. We have undertaken the modeling and investigation of the blood stains on the loose snow cover (ρ=0.35±0.

[The peculiar morphological features of the imprints of straight and wavy head hair dirtied with blood].

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the specific morphological features of the imprints of blood-soaked straight and wavy head hair. The contact imprints of straight and wavy head hair dirtied with blood were obtained experimentally. The imprints of straight hair were shown to exhibit the elements in the form of the rectilinear and bow-shaped slightly bent stripes.

[The specific features of the blood stains on the water-lubricated surfaces].

The objective of the present study was the experimental investigation of the morphological characteristics of the 20 mcl blood droplets which freely fell down onto the surfaces that were either dry or moderately and profusely lubricated with water. The morphological properties of the resulting blood stains on the glass surfaces, dry or moderately and profusely lubricated with water, are described. The most characteristic features of such stains at the wet surface were the uneven serrated and stripe-like prominences, radial 'lucent stripes' passing into the splashing elements.

[The morphological features of a 20 mcl blood stain].

The objective of this work was to study blood stains of small volume (20 mcl). It was shown that the fall of a blood droplet from the height of 5 to 200 cm at the angle of 90 degrees on a smooth non-absorbing surface (glass) leaves round stains. Their size increases with increasing height of the fall.

[The method of three-dimensional modeling for the reconstruction of the circumstances of the event taking into consideration blood stains].

The objective of the present study was to estimate the possibility of using computer-assisted three-dimensional modeling for the solution of selected problems of forensic medical expertise. This approach is illustrated by an example of the reconstruction of the scene of action and circumstances of the injury taking into consideration blood stains.

[Certain specific features of the imprints of the blood-saturated head hair].

The present experimental study revealed a number of morphological features of the imprints of head hair of different length (varying from 0.5 to 24 cm). The imprints were shown to have a complicated many-component structure in which it was possible to distinguish between the central and peripheral portions.