Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Newcastle disease in backyard chickens in West Kordofan State, Sudan.

Background And Aim: Newcastle disease (ND), a major constraint to poultry production worldwide, is a highly contagious disease of many species of domestic, exotic, and wild birds caused by ND virus (NDV). Epidemiological studies are lacking regarding ND in village chickens, including the traditional and intensive production systems used in Sudan. However, it is necessary to develop appropriate strategies to control the disease.

The antimicrobial peptide alpha defensin correlates to type 2 diabetes via the advanced glycation end products pathway.

Background: Diabetes is a serious health problem that results in high mortality rates worldwide. α-defensins are antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system that contribute to inflammation. However, data on serum levels of α-defensin in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes are limited.

Exercise-induced downregulation of serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Egyptian handball players.

Muscles of candidates work at various grades of intensity during handball exercises according to the pace of exercise. The movement pattern involves large number of contractions, feints, dodges and numerous changes in movements, all of which are highly responsible for changes in trainer's organs, including the immune system. In this study, inflammatory mediators involving interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum of 18 Egyptian male handball players, selected from Tanta club handball under 21 year's old team, were analyzed.

Pseudopregnancy in goats: Sonographic prevalence and associated risk factors in Khartoum State, Sudan.

Aim: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of pseudopregnancy in goats and to investigate potential risk factors associated with the condition in Khartoum State.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2015 to February 2016. A total of 378 female goats which presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, for routine ultrasonographic pregnancy diagnosis were examined.