A pilot study: the impact of clinic-provided transportation on missed clinic visits and system costs among teenage mother-child dyads.

Transportation insecurity has profound impacts on the health and wellbeing of teenage parents and their children, who are at particularly high risk for missed clinic visits. In other settings, clinic-offered rideshare interventions have reduced the rates of missed visits. We conducted a one-arm pre-post time series analysis of missed visits before and after a pilot study rideshare intervention within a clinic specializing in the care of teenage parents and their children.

Unpacking the Influence of Abuse and Depression on Grades among Urban Ethnic Minority Adolescents and Young Adults.

Background: Both depression and a history of abuse have known negative consequences on the overall health of adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Research is not clear, however, on the interactive influence of abuse and depression on academic achievement, especially among AYAs of color.

Objective(s): This study aims to assess the interactive influence of abuse and depression on academic grades among African American and Latino AYAs.

Use of active ingredient information for low socioeconomic status parents' decision-making regarding cough and cold medications: role of health literacy.

Objective: Parent administration of multiple medications with overlapping active ingredients places children at risk for overdose. We sought to examine how parents use active ingredient information as part of the process of selecting a cough/cold medication for their child and how health literacy plays a role.

Methods: Experimental study of parents of children presenting for care in an urban public hospital pediatric clinic.

Measurement of optic nerve head pallor with a video-ophthalmograph and with computerized boundary analysis.

Optic disc pallor was recorded in 53 eyes of 53 patients by means of global analysis with a video-ophthalmograph (Rodenstock Disk Analyzer) and computerized boundary analysis. The coefficients of correlation between the values obtained with the Rodenstock Disk Analyzer and those obtained with boundary analysis were r = 0.24 (p = 0.

Increase of pallor and fluorescein-filling defects of the optic disc in the follow-up of ocular hypertensives measured by computerized image analysis.

In 24 ocular hypertensive patients, two optic disc fluorescein angiograms were obtained a mean of 3.9 years apart. Using computerized image analysis, we measured the area of pallor and the fluorescein-filling defect area within the disc and the fluorescein circulation parameters representing the filling rates of optic disc, choroid, and retinal vessels.

Measurements of reversibility of optic disc cupping and pallor in ocular hypertension and glaucoma.

Four cases are presented of young and elderly glaucoma patients who had both surgical and medical therapy and showed reversal of cupping and pallor of the optic disc. The cupping was measured by photogrammetry and the pallor by computerized image analysis from photographs of the optic disc. Two patients showed regression of visual field loss.

Measurement of fluorescein angiograms of the optic disc and retina using computerized image analysis.

Computerized image analysis was used to quantify objectively fluorescein angiograms of the optic disc, peripapillary choroid, and retina. Techniques were developed to measure fluorescein filling rates of the optic disc and the retinal vessels and the area of fluorescein filling defects within the optic disc. Two subjects, one with glaucoma and the other with ocular hypertension, showed increases of areas of fluorescein filling defects of the optic disc on follow-up and are presented here as examples of the application of these techniques.

Detection of increased pallor over time. Computerized image analysis in untreated ocular hypertension.

Computerized image analysis was used to measure changes in percent area of pallor of the optic disc in a retrospective study of a group of 16 normals and 39 untreated ocular hypertensives. The optic discs of the subjects were photographed on at least two visits at least one year apart (mean, 2 years). No significant changes in area of pallor for the normal group were observed between visits, except in the inferior quadrant of the left eye.

The reproducibility of computerized boundary analysis for measuring optic disc pallor in the normal optic disc.

The optic discs of eight normal subjects were photographed on three separate visits under widely varying conditions. Each photograph was scanned by a television camera, converted to digital form, and then analyzed using computer image analysis techniques. The computer was programmed to delineate the boundary around the optic disc and the area of pallor.

Studies in global and local histogram-guided relaxation algorithms.

An image segmentation algorithm based on histogram clustering and probabilistic relaxation labeling is explored. The algorithm is evaluated by means of a set of artificially generated test images with known parameters. Two sources of pixel labeling errors are revealed.