A National Survey of Neonatologists' Perspectives on Probiotics Use in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the U.S.A.

Most recent clinical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) concluded current evidence does not support routine universal administration of probiotics to preterm infants, particularly those with birth weight <1000 grams. Despite this, the use of probiotics is increasing in US neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Collaborating with the Perinatal Neonatal Medicine of AAP, we conducted a national survey to obtain neonatologist opinion on probiotics use.

Clinical Variables as Predictors of First Relapse in Pediatric Crohn's Disease.

Introduction Crohn's disease (CD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. The clinical course of CD is characterized by periods of symptomatic relapse and remission. Clinical variables may identify a subset of patients with CD at risk for relapse.

Endometrial receptivity markers in infertile women stimulated with letrozole compared with clomiphene citrate and natural cycles.

Though various advantages associated with the use of letrozole as an ovulation inducing drug are documented, there is inadequate information regarding its effect on endometrial receptivity. Expression of endometrial receptivity markers including αvβ3 integrin, L-selectin, LIF, and pinopods during the implantation window in infertile women stimulated with letrozole or clomiphene citrate (CC), and spontaneous cycles is investigated. A total of 36 women were included in the study out of which 16 women were diagnosed with primary unexplained infertility and the other 20 women with severe oligoasthenozoospermic/azoospermic male partners.

Risk factors for incomplete immunization in children with HIV infection.

Objective: To document the immunization rates, factors associated with incomplete immunization, and missed opportunities for immunizations in children affected by HIV presenting for routine outpatient follow-up.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of immunization status of children affected by HIV presenting for routine outpatient care was conducted.

Results: Two hundred and six HIV affected children were enrolled.

Associations between potential bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx of HIV infected children.

Objective: To investigate bacterial associations of S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and H.

Poor neurological sequelae of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in an infant despite adequate antiviral and adjunct corticosteroid therapy.

A 2-month-old infant presented to our emergency department with fever, altered consciousness, and focal seizures of acute onset. He had vesicular skin lesions over the right preauricular region. CT brain showed a large hypodense lesion involving the left temporo-parietal region, left basal ganglia and left thalamus.

High rates of colonization with drug resistant hemophilus influenzae type B and Streptococccus Pneumoniae in unvaccinated HIV infected children from West Bengal.

Objective: To determine nasopharyngeal colonization rates of two vaccine preventable bacterial pathogens Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus), antibiotic susceptibility of isolates, factors associated with their colonization, and immunization history in a cohort of HIV infected children.

Methods: The authors conducted a cross-sectional nasopharyngeal swab survey of 151 children affected with HIV presenting for routine outpatient care in West Bengal, India.

Results: 151 HIV affected children were enrolled.