Variables Associated With Resolution and Persistence of Ovarian Cysts.

Objective: To estimate surveillance intervals of incident ovarian cysts, and describe variables associated with cyst resolution times.

Methods: The UK-OCST (University of Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial) was a prospective cohort that enrolled 47,762 individuals over 30 years, including 2,638 individuals with incident cysts. Cyst diameter and structure and patient age, body mass index, use of hormone therapy (HT), family history of ovarian cancer, and menopausal status were examined as variables associated with cyst resolution using t tests, χ 2 test, Kaplan Meier, and Cox multiple regression.

Subsequent Ultrasonographic Non-Visualization of the Ovaries Is Hastened in Women with Only One Ovary Visualized Initially.

Because the effects of age, menopausal status, weight and body mass index (BMI) on ovarian detectability by transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) have not been established, we determined their contributions to TVS visualization of the ovaries when one or both ovaries are visualized on the first ultrasound exam. A total of 29,877 women that had both ovaries visualized on their first exam were followed over 202,639 prospective TVS exams and 9703 women that had only one ovary visualized on their first exam were followed over 63,702 ultrasonography exams. All images were reviewed by a physician.

Significance of Pelvic Fluid Observed during Ovarian Cancer Screening with Transvaginal Sonogram.

The primary objective was to examine the role of pelvic fluid observed during transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) in identifying ovarian malignancy. A single-institution, observational study was conducted within the University of Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening trial from January 1987 to September 2019. We analyzed true-positive (TP), false-positive (FP), true-negative (TN), and false-negative (FN) groups for the presence of pelvic fluid during screening encounters.

Ultrasonographic Visualization of the Ovaries to Detect Ovarian Cancer According to Age, Menopausal Status and Body Type.

Because the effects of age, menopausal status, weight and body mass index (BMI) on ovarian detectability by transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) have not been established, we determined their contributions to TVS visualization of the ovaries. A total of 29,877 women that had both ovaries visualized on their first exam were followed over 202,639 prospective TVS exams. All images were reviewed by a physician.

Assessing the Costs of Screening for Ovarian Cancer in the United States: An Evolving Analysis.

The primary objective of this study is to provide an updated analysis of the cost of screening for ovarian cancer in the United States. Here, we use updated information from the University of Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial in conjunction with new modifying factors such as U.S.

Disease-Specific Survival of Type I and Type II Epithelial Ovarian Cancers-Stage Challenges Categorical Assignments of Indolence & Aggressiveness.

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) consist of several sub-types based on histology, clinical, molecular and epidemiological features that are termed "histo-types", which can be categorized into less aggressive Type I and more aggressive Type II malignancies. This investigation evaluated the disease-specific survival (DSS) of women with Type I and II EOC using histo-type, grade, and stage. A total of 200,658 EOC cases were identified in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data.

Clinical Factors Associated with Longer Hospital Stay Following Ovarian Cancer Surgery.

: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy and is treated with a combination of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Extended length of stay (LOS) after surgery can affect patient morbidity, overall costs, and hospital resource utilization. The primary objective of this study was to identify factors contributing to prolonged LOS for women undergoing surgery for ovarian cancer.

Survival of Women With Type I and II Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Detected by Ultrasound Screening.

Objective: To estimate the effect of ultrasound screening on stage at detection and long-term disease-specific survival of at-risk women with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods: Eligibility included all asymptomatic women 50 years of age or older and women 25 years of age or older with a documented family history of ovarian cancer. From 1987 to 2017, 46,101 women received annual ultrasound screening in a prospective cohort trial.

Population-Based Analysis of Patient Age and Other Disparities in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer in Central Appalachia and Kentucky.

Objectives: Adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for ovarian cancer treatment improves patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess disparities associated with ovarian cancer treatment in the state of Kentucky and central Appalachia.

Methods: Data on patients diagnosed as having ovarian cancer from 2007 through 2011 were extracted from administrative claims-linked Kentucky Cancer Registry data.

Symptoms Relevant to Surveillance for Ovarian Cancer.

To examine how frequently and confidently healthy women report symptoms during surveillance for ovarian cancer. A symptoms questionnaire was administered to 24,526 women over multiple visits accounting for 70,734 reports. A query of reported confidence was included as a confidence score (CS).

Complications from Surgeries Related to Ovarian Cancer Screening.

The aim of this study was to evaluate complications of surgical intervention for participants in the Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Program and compare results to those of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial. A retrospective database review included 657 patients who underwent surgery for a positive screen in the Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Program from 1988-2014. Data were abstracted from operative reports, discharge summaries, and office notes for 406 patients.

Prospective validation of an intraoperative algorithm to guide surgical staging in early endometrial cancer.

Objectives: Prospectively validate an intraoperative surgical staging algorithm to stratify patients with early endometrial cancer by risk of lymph node metastasis.

Methods: Subjects with endometrial cancer clinically confined to the uterus were prospectively enrolled at an academic cancer center between Jan 2012 and Jun 2015. Study participants were stratified intraoperatively into two groups based on risk of nodal involvement using cell type, tumor grade, myometrial invasion, and tumor size in accordance with an established protocol from the Mayo Clinic.

Inhibition of the integrin/FAK signaling axis and c-Myc synergistically disrupts ovarian cancer malignancy.

Integrins, a family of heterodimeric receptors for extracellular matrix, are promising therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer, particularly high-grade serous-type (HGSOC), as they drive tumor cell attachment, migration, proliferation and survival by activating focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-dependent signaling. Owing to the potential off-target effects of FAK inhibitors, disruption of the integrin signaling axis remains to be a challenge. Here, we tackled this barrier by screening for inhibitors being functionally cooperative with small-molecule VS-6063, a phase II FAK inhibitor.

Probability of fallopian tube and ovarian detection with transvaginal ultrasonography in normal women.

Objective: Some ovarian malignancies may originate in the fallopian tube. The feasibility of ultrasonographically visualizing the fallopian tube is presented.

Methods: In total, 549 normal women participated in the fallopian tube visualization trial, while ovarian visualization was studied in 43,521.

Evaluation and Management of Ultrasonographically Detected Ovarian Tumors in Asymptomatic Women.

Data from screening trials indicate that a significant percent of asymptomatic women older than 50 years of age will develop ovarian abnormalities that are detectable by ultrasonography. Most of these abnormalities are benign, and many will resolve spontaneously. However, the risk of ovarian cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women, is of concern.

Ultrasound follow up of an adnexal mass has the potential to save lives.

Ovarian cancer is among the most dreaded cancers since it is often found at a late stage where the opportunity for extended survival is poor. Ultrasound has been utilized in several ovarian cancer screening trials in asymptomatic women in order to detect ovarian cancer at early stages where survival rates are high. Efforts to improve screening for ovarian cancer are ongoing.

CD151-α3β1 integrin complexes suppress ovarian tumor growth by repressing slug-mediated EMT and canonical Wnt signaling.

Human ovarian cancer is diagnosed in the late, metastatic stages but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We report a surprising functional link between CD151-α3β1 integrin complexes and the malignancy of serous-type ovarian cancer. Analyses of clinical specimens indicate that CD151 expression is significantly reduced or diminished in 90% of metastatic lesions, while it remains detectable in 58% of primary tumors.

Survival Advantage Associated with Decrease in Stage at Detection from Stage IIIC to Stage IIIA Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Objective. The aim of this study was to document the survival advantage of lowering stage at detection from Stage IIIC to Stage IIIA epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods.

Serial ultrasonographic evaluation of ovarian abnormalities with a morphology index.

Objective: Transvaginal ultrasonography with tumor morphology index (MI) has been used to predict the risk of ovarian malignancy. Our objective was to analyze changes in serial MI scores for malignant and non-malignant ovarian tumors in a large and asymptomatic population.

Methods: Eligible subjects participated in the University of Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Program and had abnormalities that included cysts, cysts with septations, complex cysts with solid areas, and solid masses.

Transvaginal ultrasonography in ovarian cancer screening: current perspectives.

Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) is an integral part of all major ovarian cancer screening trials. TVS is accurate in detecting abnormalities in ovarian volume and morphology, but is less reliable in differentiating benign from malignant ovarian tumors. When used as the only screening test, TVS is sensitive, but has a low positive predictive value.

Frequency and disposition of ovarian abnormalities followed with serial transvaginal ultrasonography.

Objective: To examine the prevalence, incidence, persistence, and resolution of ovarian abnormalities using serial transvaginal ultrasonography.

Methods: A group of 39,337 women in the University of Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Program were monitored with 221,576 baseline and interval transvaginal ultrasonography.

Results: The transvaginal ultrasonogram was normal for first and all subsequent visits for 31,834 participants (80.

Ovarian cyst fluids are a cache of tumor biomarkers that include calgranulin A and calgranulin B isoforms.

SELDI-TOF MS analysis of cyst fluids identified 95 peaks that discriminate malignant, borderline, and benign ovarian tumors. Three prominent peaks, which correspond to calgranulin A (m/z 10847) and two isoforms of calgranulin B (m/z 12717 and 13294), have higher concentrations in borderline and malignant cyst fluids. Together, calgranulin A and B distinguish borderline and malignant tumors from benign tumors with 28.