COVID-19 lockdown: a boon in boosting the air quality of major Indian Metropolitan Cities.

Abstract: The COVID-19 lockdown has not only helped in combating the community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 but also improved air quality in a very emphatic manner in most of the countries. In India, the first phase of COVID-19 lockdown came into force on March 25, 2020, which was later continued in the next phases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the result of lockdown on air quality of major metropolitan cities-Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Jaipur, and Lucknow-from March 25 to May 3, 2020.

Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Ofloxacin Tablets using Natural Gums as Binders.

Natural gums are economical, easily available, and useful as tablet binders. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to formulate Ofloxacin tablets using three natural binders, namely Acacia arabica, Hibiscus esculentus, and xanthan gum. Such six batches of Ofloxacin tablets were prepared by using different types and amounts of the natural binders by the wet granulation method.

Preparation and characterization of spray-dried mucoadhesive microspheres of ketorolac for nasal administration.

The objective of this investigation was to prepare mucoadhesive microspheres of ketorolac for nasal delivery to avoid gastrointestinal side effects of conventional dosage form. Mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared using carbopol, polycarbophil and chitosan as polymer by spray drying method. The process and formulation parameters were varied to study the effect on the yield and particle size.

Development and characterization of mucoadhesive microspheres for nasal delivery of ketorolac.

The objective of the present investigation was to prepare mucoadhesive microspheres of ketorolac for nasal administration by means of a solvent evaporation technique using carbopol (CP), polycarbophil (PL) and chitosan (CS) as mucoadhesive polymers. The prepared microspheres were characterized for morphology, swelling behavior, mucoadhesion, interaction studies, drug encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, release kinetics, and ex vivo nasal cilio toxicity studies. The effects of various process variables on the particle size of the microspheres were investigated.

Chitosan microspheres of aceclofenac: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

The objective of this investigation was to achieve controlled drug release of Aceclofenac (ACE) microspheres and to minimize local side-effects in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Sustained release chitosan microspheres containing ACE were prepared using double-emulsion solvent evaporation method (O/W/O). Chitosan microspheres were prepared by varying drug to polymer ratio (1:3, 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6).

Design and evaluation of ocular drug delivery system for controlled delivery of gatifloxacin sesquehydrate: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.

The objective of this investigation was to formulate ocular inserts of gatifloxacin sesquehydrate to achieve controlled drug release. Drug reservoir was prepared using hydrophilic polymers, namely polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The rate controlling membrane was prepared using hydrophobic ethyl cellulose by solvent casting method.

Preparation and characterization of spray-dried mucoadhesive microspheres of aceclofenac.

Objective: Microencapsulation of the anti-inflammatory drug aceclofenac (ACE) was investigated as a means of controlling drug release and minimizing or eliminating local side effects.

Method: Microspheres were prepared by a spray-drying technique using solutions of ACE and three polymers, namely, carbopol, chitosan, and polycarbophil, in different weight ratios.

Results: The spray-dried mucoadhesive microspheres were characterized in terms of shape (scanning electron microscope), size (6.

Mathematical evaluation of similarity factor using various weighing approaches on aceclofenac marketed formulations by model-independent method.

The US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) guidance for industry on dissolution testing of immediate-release solid oral dosage forms describes that drug dissolution may be the rate limiting step for drug absorption in the case of low solubility/high permeability drugs (BCS class II drugs). US FDA Guidance describes the model-independent mathematical approach proposed by Moore and Flanner for calculating a similarity factor (f2) of dissolution across a suitable time interval. In the present study, the similarity factor was calculated on dissolution data of two marketed aceclofenac tablets (a BCS class II drug) using various weighing approaches proposed by Gohel et al.