Study of Fibrinogen Albumin Ratio in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Its Correlation With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that imposes significant complications, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). DPN is characterized by marked inflammation, and the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) is one of the new markers for systemic inflammation, it has been used in various diabetic micro- and macro-vascular complications. The present study investigates the association between FAR and nerve conduction abnormalities in T2DM patients with DPN.

Optimizing nutrient management for Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) in the Alfisols of Southern India through modeling soil, plant, and fertilizer interactions.

Balanced nutrition will be rewarding to profitable and sustainable yield of Kodo millet. In this context, soil test crop response (STCR) experiments on kodo millet were conducted from 2020 to 2022 to assess relationships between yield, soil, plant, and fertilizer nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and calibrate optimum nutrient doses for attaining yield targets. The Basic parameters, i.

Inductive cum targeted yield model-based integrated fertilizer prescription for sweet corn (Zea mays L. Saccharata) on Alfisols of Southern India.

Striking the right nutrient balance is essential for sustainable farming and ecosystem health. In this regard, field experiments were conducted in three phases viz., fertility gradient experiment, main experiment and validation experiment through a soil test crop response approach to develop and validate fertilizer prescription equations for sweet corn in comparison with general recommended dose and soil fertility rating approach.

Tofacitinib in pyoderma gangrenosum - A case series.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare autoinflammatory disorder falling under the spectrum of neutrophilic dermatosis, characterized by distinctive skin ulceration which is non-infective, non-neoplastic and usually with no primary vasculitis. PG lesions are notorious for relapse and hence require multiple trials of medications often with prolonged and concomitant use of steroids. Due to lack of evidence-based studies on effective treatment options for PG, we have presented three isolated biopsy-proven PG cases who were successfully treated with Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway inhibitor, without relapse in follow up.

Tofacitinib as monotherapy in cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: a case series.

Objective: Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (CPAN) is a distinct clinical entity represented by a chronic, relapsing, benign course, with rare systemic involvement. Treatment is with CSs, CYC or other conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs). In this case series, we aimed to share our varied clinical experience of successfully treating patients with CPAN, with tofacitinib in a refractory/relapsing course or as upfront monotherapy without CSs/csDMARDs.

COVID-19 associated multisystemic mucormycosis from India: a multicentric retrospective study on clinical profile, predisposing factors, cumulative mortality and factors affecting outcome.

Purpose: The clinical course of COVID-19 has been complicated by secondary infections, including bacterial and fungal infections. The rapid rise in the incidence of invasive mucormycosis in these patients is very much concerning. COVID-19-associated mucormycosis was detected in huge numbers during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India, with several predisposing factors indicated in its pathogenesis.

Inhalation of nebulized omega-3 fatty acids mitigate LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in rats: Implications for treatment of COPD and COVID-19.

Many current treatment options for lung inflammation and thrombosis come with unwanted side effects. The natural omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) are generally anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic. O3FA are always administered orally and occasionally by intravenous (IV) infusion.

Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction of losartan with glimepiride-metformin combination in rats and rabbits.

Objectives: The presence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and chronic renal disease, or and the prevention of these ailments in diabetics, frequently demands multiple drug treatments, increasing the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The current study was focused on identifying possible DDIs on concomitant administration of losartan, a drug used to regulate hypertension along with a combination of glimepiride + metformin, widely used to treat diabetes mellitus. Possible pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions were observed for, following single-dose as well as multiple-dose treatment protocols in normal and alloxan-induced diabetes in albino Wistar rats and rabbits.

Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking analysis of phenstatin based indole linked chalcones as anticancer agents and tubulin polymerization inhibitors.

A library of new phenstatin based indole linked chalcone compounds (9a-z and 9aa-ad) were designed and synthesized. Of these, compound 9a with 1-methyl, 2- and 3-methoxy substituents in the aromatic ring was efficacious against the human oral cancer cell line SCC-29B, spheroids, and in a mouse xenograft model of oral cancer AW13516. Compound 9a exhibited anti-cancer activity through disrupting cellular integrity and affecting glucose metabolism-which is a hallmark of cancer.

Effect of different blood groups on tympanometric findings and acoustic reflex thresholds.

Purpose: The blood group can have an effect on the auditory system, and it is suggested that it could be an indicator of noise-induced hearing loss. There could be changes in the immittance findings, too, in adults having different blood groups. The present study attempted to determine if there are any differences in tympanometric results (admittance, peak pressure, gradient, resonance frequency, and ear canal volume) and acoustic reflex thresholds (ART) at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz between individuals with different blood groups (A positive, B positive, O positive and AB positive).

A Facile One-Pot Synthesis of 3-Methylbenzisoxazoles a Key Intermediate of -Ethoxyvinyl Nitroaryls by Domino Rearrangement and Their Anti- Inflammatory Activity.

Background: Recently, there has been a lot of scientific interest in exploring the syntheses of oxygen and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds due to their pharmacological activities. In addition, benzisoxazoles play a very important role in organic synthesis as key intermediates.

Objective: In this paper, we focused on developing a novel synthetic route for biologically active arylisoxazoles under normal conditions, and simplified it to get high purities and yields, and also reported their anti-inflammatory activities.

Impaired sleep quality and cognition in patients of Parkinson's disease with REM sleep behavior disorder: a comparative study.

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cognitive profile of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and to correlate with the clinical stage and polysomnographic variables.

Methods: The study included 25 PD patients who had RBD and 25 PD patients who based on two questionnaires were determined as not having RBD. These patients underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) and neuropsychological assessment using a defined battery of tests.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazole linked benzothiazole-β-naphthol derivatives as topoisomerase I inhibitors with DNA binding ability.

A series of new pyrazole linked benzothiazole-β-naphthol derivatives were designed and synthesized using a simple, efficient and ecofriendly route under catalyst-free conditions in good to excellent yields. These derivatives were evaluated for their cytotoxicity on selected human cancer cell lines. Among those, the derivatives 4j, 4k and 4l exhibited considerable cytotoxicity with IC values ranging between 4.

New (3-(1-benzo[]imidazol-2-yl))/(3-(3-imidazo[4,5-]pyridin-2-yl))-(1-indol-5-yl)(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone conjugates as tubulin polymerization inhibitors.

A series of new (3-(1-benzo[]imidazol-2-yl))/(3-(3-imidazo[4,5-]pyridin-2-yl))-(1-indol-5-yl)(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone conjugates were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on selected human cancer cell lines such as prostate (DU-145), lung (A549), cervical (HeLa) and breast (MCF-7). Most of these conjugates showed considerable cytotoxicity with IC values ranging from 0.54 to 31.

Evaluation of Cognition and Cortical Excitability in Huntington's Disease.

Background: Recent advances in neurophysiological techniques have contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiology of Huntington's disease (HD). Studies of the motor cortical excitability and central motor pathways have shown variable results.

Objectives: Our aims were to evaluate the cortical excitability changes in HD using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and correlate the changes with cognitive impairment.

Synthesis of imidazo-thiadiazole linked indolinone conjugates and evaluated their microtubule network disrupting and apoptosis inducing ability.

A series of imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole linked indolinone conjugates were synthesized and investigated for antiproliferative activity in different human cancer cell lines by changing various substitutions at indolinone and phenyl ring systems. Among them conjugates 7, 14 and 15 were exhibited potent antiproliferative activity with GI values from 0.13 to 3.

Development of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine β-glucoside prodrugs for selective therapy of cancer.

Cancer chemotherapy has several limitations such as often insufficient differentiation between malign tissue and benign tissue. The clinical utility of the pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs) are inadequate because of the lack of selectivity for tumor tissues, high reactivity of the pharmacophoric imine functionality, low water solubility, and stability. To address these limitations two new β-glucoside prodrugs of PBDs have been synthesized and evaluated for their potential use in selective therapy of solid tumors by ADEPT.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new β-carboline-bisindole compounds as DNA binding, photocleavage agents and topoisomerase I inhibitors.

A series of new β-carboline-bisindole compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines, such as A549 (lung cancer), DU-145 (prostate cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer). All the compounds exhibited considerable antiproliferative activity. Among them, compounds 7g and 7r exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against DU-145 cells with IC values 1.

Long Loop Reflex 2 in Patients with Cortical Dementias: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Dementia is a major public health problem and it appears to be a global epidemic. The prevalence is doubling every 5 years and it is expected that 70% of persons above 60 years will live in developing countries by 2020 and 15% of them are likely to suffer from dementia. Disease modifying treatments work only if initiated very early; however, diagnostic tools are not always able to clearly differentiate the different types in very early stage.

International open trial of uniform multidrug therapy regimen for leprosy patients: Findings & implications for national leprosy programmes.

Background & Objectives: Uniform therapy for all leprosy patients will simplify leprosy treatment. In this context, we evaluated six-month multidrug therapy (MDT) currently recommended for multibacillary (MB) patients as uniform MDT (U-MDT) in a single-arm open trial under programme conditions. Primary objective was to determine efficacy to prevent five-year cumulative five per cent relapse.

An Efficient Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles via Photocatalytic Condensation of o-Phenylenediamines and Aldehydes.

A photocatalytic method has been developed for the efficient synthesis of functionalized benzimidazoles. This protocol involves photocatalytic condensation of o-phenylenediamines with various aldehydes using the Rose Bengal as photocatalyst. The method was found to be general and was successfully employed for accessing pharmaceutically important benzimidazoles by the condensation of aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with o-phenylenediamines, in good-to-excellent yields.

Re-emergent tremor in Parkinson's disease: A clinical and electromyographic study.

Background: Re-emergent tremor (ReT) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the tremor that re-emerges after a variable period of latency while maintaining posture. The phenomenology and electrophysiological aspects of ReT have not been well characterized. The aims of this study were to characterize ReT clinically and electrophysiologically.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of arylcinnamide linked combretastatin-A4 hybrids as tubulin polymerization inhibitors and apoptosis inducing agents.

A series of new molecules have been designed based on a hybridization approach by combining the arylcinnamide and combretastatin pharmacophores. These were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity, effect on inhibition of tubulin polymerization and apoptosis inducing ability. Most of the conjugates exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against some representative human cancer cell lines and two of the conjugates 6i and 6p displayed potent cytotoxicity with GI50 values of 56nM and 31nM respectively against the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7).

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) as a Tool for Early Diagnosis and Prognostication in Cortico-Basal Ganglia Degeneration (CBD) Syndromes: Review of Literature and Case Report.

Background: Cortico basal degeneration (CBD) of the brain is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disease which encompasses unique neuropsychiatric manifestations. Early diagnosis is essential for initiating proper treatment and favorable outcome. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), a well-known technique for assessment of cortical excitatory and inhibitory properties.