Characterizing Lomerizine metabolites in camel urine: High-resolution mass spectrometry method development and validation for enhanced doping control.

Rationale: Lomerizine (LMZ) is an antimigraine drug that works as a calcium channel blocker and has selective effects on the central nervous system. It is metabolized into trimetazidine (TMZ), which is a prohibited substance owing to its performance-enhancing effects in both human and animal sports. Effective doping control measures are imperative to distinguish the source of TMZ in samples to ensure integrity and fairness of the sport, therefore a comprehensive analysis of LMZ metabolites is essential to identify potential biomarkers in camel urine for effective doping control.

Comprehensive metabolite profiling of trimetazidine in camels using high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry: Implications for doping control.

Rationale: Trimetazidine and its metabolites are prohibited substances in sports. With a growing number of adverse findings in human athletes, it is crucial to develop doping control strategies that include screening for trimetazidine in animal sports. This study aims to detect and characterize trimetazidine and its metabolites for doping control in camel racing.

Tolerability of clobazam as add-on therapy in patients aged 50 years and older with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Objective: To evaluate the tolerability of clobazam in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy aged 50 years and older.

Methods: We performed a single center, retrospective chart review of patients at least 50 years of age with drug resistant epilepsy of any type who started clobazam as an add on therapy. Retention rate, safety, and tolerability at 6 and 12 months and last follow-up, and the discontinuation rate due to side effects were analyzed.

Fluorescence Sensor for Water in Organic Solvent Using Graphene Oxide- Rhodamine B and Cucurbit[7]uril.

Detection of water in organic solvents gained much importance as these solvents have been used as a medium for conducting organic reactions and water was considered as an inhibitor, when it is present in the reaction medium. There are number of methods available to measure the water content in organic solvents, however, such methods are time consuming and expensive. Here, we developed a facile method for detecting water in organic solvents using an inexpensive fluorescent probe - Rhodamine B decorated Graphene oxide (RBGO).

Stability of serial platelet and urine protein measurements in patients receiving nusinersen for spinal muscular atrophy.

Introduction/aims: Patients undergoing nusinersen treatment for spinal muscular atrophy are subject to measurements of platelet count and urine protein before each injection due to concern for platelet depletion and renal dysfunction according to the prescribing information. These tests may be uncomfortable or inconvenient and may cause delays in treatment. However, it is still unclear whether these values have been significantly affected by nusinersen treatment.

Infectious Causes of Stroke.

Stroke is one of the primary causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It can be ischemic or hemorrhagic, and the former can be due to an in-situ thrombus or a distant embolus. Despite being a rare cause, stroke can also be caused in the setting of infection.

Clinical features with anti fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) antibody-related polyneuropathy: a retrospective study.

Background: Despite its initial association with sensory neuropathies, anti-fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) antibodies have been since reported with a broad range of neuropathies and clinical features. The aim of the study is to report the clinical and electro diagnostic findings in a cohort of patients with sensory or sensorimotor polyneuropathy and anti-FGFR3 antibodies.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review to assess the clinical characteristics of patients with sensory or sensorimotor neuropathy related to FGFR3 antibodies.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders which involve the corticospinal tracts and present with distinct spasticity and weakness of the lower extremities. The estimated prevalence of HSP is around 1.8/100,000 cases for both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive types.

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Comprehensive Review.

Background: Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) is a relatively rare, potentially fatal neurological condition that can be frequently overlooked due to the vague nature of its clinical and radiological presentation. A literature search on PubMed using the keyword "Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis" was performed. We searched for the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of CSVT.

Clinical Characteristics of a Case Series of Ocular Syphilis With 3 Cases Requiring Multiple Vitrectomies After Late Diagnosis.

Purpose: This work describes the characteristics and unique features of ocular syphilis.

Methods: Ten serologically proven cases of ocular syphilis were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: Eighteen eyes of 10 patients were affected.

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Presenting as Parkinsonism with Atypical MRI Findings and Elevated 14-3-3 Protein.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare neoplasm with an incidence of 2 to 3% of all CNS malignancies. The diagnosis can be challenging, especially with atypical presentations. Movement disorders can be one of the rare presentations of PCNSL.

Painless Legs and Moving Toes Presenting as a Tardive Phenomenon: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Painless legs and moving toes syndrome is a rare movement disorder. Various conditions like spinal cord trauma, lumbar radiculopathy, peripheral neuropathy, neuroleptic treatment, or traumatic lesions of the soft tissues of the foot can present with this disorder. In our case report, we aim to report a case of a young woman who developed painless legs and moving toes in the setting of chronic neuroleptic usage, which improved after the discontinuation of antipsychotics and treatment with clonazepam.

Ultrasonication-aided synthesis of nanoplates-like iron molybdate: Fabricated over glassy carbon electrode as an modified electrode for the selective determination of first generation antihistamine drug promethazine hydrochloride.

The innovation of novel and proficient nanostructured materials for the precise level determination of pharmaceuticals in biological fluids is quite crucial to the researchers. With this in mind, we synthesized iron molybdate nanoplates (Fe(MoO); FeMo NPs) via simple ultrasonic-assisted technique (70 kHz with a power of 100 W). The FeMo NPs were used as the efficient electrocatalyst for electrochemical oxidation of first-generation antihistamine drug- Promethazine hydrochloride (PMH).

Hyperglycaemic chorea-ballism or unmasking of Huntington's chorea in a patient with diabetes.

Chorea-ballism is a neurological syndrome characterised by violent involuntary movements of one or both extremities. In the last decades, several patients with these involuntary movements were reported in association with hyperglycaemia. Here, we present a unique case of possible Huntington's disease, which could have been unmasked by the hyperglycaemic insult to the basal ganglia in a 64-year-old man who presented with chorea-ballism.

Is Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diffusion Restriction of the Optic Disc Head a New Marker for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension?

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a headache syndrome due to raised intracranial pressure of unknown etiology. Before making the diagnosis of IIH, secondary causes of raised intracranial pressure must be ruled out. The radiological features associated with this condition have variable sensitivity and specificity.

Mortality in infantile spasms: A hospital-based study.

Objective: To determine risk factors and causes for mortality during childhood in patients with infantile spasms (IS). We describe the overall goals of care for those who died.

Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of IS patients born between 2000 and 2011.

Hematoma Risk After Needle Electromyography in Patients Using Newer Oral Anticoagulants.

Purpose: To assess the safety of needle electromyography in patients on non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) compared with warfarin.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was done in patients who underwent needle electromyography studies while they were using warfarin and NOACs. After the needle electromyography, all the patients were monitored for 2 hours and ultrasound of high-risk muscle groups was done.

Noninvasive neuroimaging enhances continuous neural tracking for robotic device control.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) utilizing signals acquired with intracortical implants have achieved successful high-dimensional robotic device control useful for completing daily tasks. However, the substantial amount of medical and surgical expertise required to correctly implant and operate these systems significantly limits their use beyond a few clinical cases. A noninvasive counterpart requiring less intervention that can provide high-quality control would profoundly impact the integration of BCIs into the clinical and home setting.

White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients with Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine.

Background And Purpose: To identify the differences in overall occurrence, location, and disease burden of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in patients with sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM) and patients with migraine headaches.

Methods: We included patients who met diagnostic criteria proposed by the third International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) for SHM and migraine headache. WMHs were identified using T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery axial sequence and classified based upon the location.

Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Due to Midodrine in a Patient with Autonomic Dysreflexia.

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a rare neurological condition that typically presents with a sudden-onset thunderclap headache associated with or without focal neurological deficits. The diagnosis is established by the presence of reversible segmental or diffuse cerebral vasoconstriction on diagnostic cerebral angiogram. Autonomic dysreflexia is a known complication resulting from spinal cord injury.

Rapidly progressive global cerebral atrophy in the setting of anti-LGI1 encephalitis.

A 47-year-old man presented with complaints of breakthrough seizures, psychiatric and behavioural changes and catatonic features. MRI of the brain showed mild cerebral and right hippocampal atrophy, while the electroencephalogram showed intermittent right temporal slowing. With a presumed diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis, he was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and methylprednisolone, which significantly improved the symptoms.

CuWO₄ Nanoparticles: Investigation of Dielectric, Electrochemical Behaviour and Photodegradation of Pharmaceutical Waste.

The hydrothermally synthesized CuWO₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized with different analysis such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), UV-Visible and Photoluminescence (PL) analysis. The prepared CuWO₄ NPs were examined with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). SEM images show that CuWO₄ NPs are highly spherical shaped morphology and porous in nature.

Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage Isolated in Cerebral Aqueduct Secondary to Dural Arteriovenous Fistula.

Objective: We report a case of dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) presenting as isolated cerebral aqueduct hemorrhage.

Result: A 73-year-old man with a history of hypertension and chronic alcoholism presented with altered mental status and gait difficulties, bilateral fronto-occipital headaches, and intermittent dizziness. He had bilateral upward gaze restriction.

Leucoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation: a novel mutation in the DARS2 gene.

Leucoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) is a very rare autosomal recessive, slowly progressive neurological disorder characterised by distinctive clinical findings including cerebellar, pyramidal and dorsal column dysfunction. This is caused by a mutation in the DARS2 gene, which encodes mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. MRI shows distinctive abnormalities in the cerebral white matter and specific brain stem and spinal cord tracts.

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of sphere-like strontium cerate nanoparticles (SrCeO NPs) for the selective electrochemical detection of calcium channel antagonists nifedipine.

In this work, strontium cerate nanoparticles (SrCeO NPs, SC NPs) were developed through facile synthetic techniques (Ultrasound-Assisted (UA) and Stirring-Assisted (SA) synthesis) and utilized as an electrocatalyst for the selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of calcium channel blocker nifedipine (NDF). The as-prepared UASC NPs and SASC NPs were characterized using XRD, Raman, TEM, EDS, mapping, XPS and BET analysis which exposed the formation of SC NPs in the form of spherical in shape and well crystalline in nature. BET studies reveal that UASC NPs have maximum surface area than that of SASC NPs.