Secular trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity over a decade in urban and rural South Indian children integrated with geographic information system.

Context: The globalization in the process most of the rural sectors are also upgrading technically with digitalization with more availability of smart phones and gaming along with the refined food influences on the present-day children is causing a trend of overweight among the children.

Aims: To arrive at the prevalence of overweight and obesity considering the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) cut-offs for growth standards among children aged 12 years from the rural and urban areas of Mysuru District.

Methods And Material: The present program was the third large scale community intervention project carried out including the 7 talukas of Mysuru District which focused on the measurement of the Body mass index (BMI).

HPV genotype prevalence in Indian women with cervical disease and estimation of the potential impact of HPV vaccines on prevention of cervical cancer.

Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes genital and oropharyngeal cancers worldwide. There are significant gaps exist in the data on HPV genotype prevalence in this part of the country. HPV vaccination is one of the best preventive methods available currently.

A study of clinical profile, sequelae of COVID, and satisfaction of inpatient care at a government COVID care hospital in Karnataka.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has increased the morbidity and mortality across the world. The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, tiredness, and the least common symptoms are aches and pains, sore throat, diarrhoea, conjunctivitis, headache and loss of taste or smell. In this current pandemic, the number of COVID-19 survivors being discharged from the hospital is increasing day by day and the long-term effect among the survivors is also increasing.

Antibacterial Efficacy of Hubballi Propolis against Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans One of the Major Causative Organisms of Perimplantitis: An Study.

Background: Peri-implantitis can be attributed to many underlying causes, one of the chief ones being due to infection caused by oral micro flora and particularly . Antibiotics are administered along with mechanical debridement to control the infection. The side effect of conventional antibiotic therapy and drug resistance has led to the necessity for alternate approaches to handle infections.

Molecular Characterization and Identification of Potential Inhibitors for 'E' Protein of Dengue Virus.

Dengue is an arthropod-borne acute febrile illness caused by Dengue Virus (DENV), a member of . Severity of the infection ranges from mild self-limiting illness to severe life-threatening hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). To date, there is no specific antiviral therapy established to treat the infection.

Caveolin-1 peptide regulates p53-microRNA-34a feedback in fibrotic lung fibroblasts.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a life-threatening disease resulting from dysregulated repair responses to lung injury. Excessive extracellular matrix deposition by expanding myofibroblasts and fibrotic lung fibroblasts (fLfs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PF, including IPF. We explored fLfs' microRNA-34a (miR-34a) expression from IPF tissues.

Caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide regulates glucose metabolism in lung fibrosis.

Increased metabolism distinguishes myofibroblasts or fibrotic lung fibroblasts (fLfs) from the normal lung fibroblasts (nLfs). The mechanism of metabolic activation in fLfs has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, the antifibrogenic effects of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide CSP/CSP7 involving metabolic reprogramming in fLfs are unclear.

Caveolin-1-derived peptide limits development of pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal fibrotic lung disease with a median 5-year survival of ~20%. Current U.S.

Molecular diagnostics of disorders of sexual development: an Indian survey and systems biology perspective.

We aimed to survey the monogenic causes of disorders of sex development (DSD) and thereby its prevalence in India. This study revealed mutations resulting in androgen insensitivity syndrome, 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, and gonadal dysgenesis were commonly reported. Intriguingly, AR deficits were the most prevalent (32 mutations) and of 11/26 missense mutations were in exons 4-8 (encoding ligand binding domain).

p53 Expression in Lung Fibroblasts Is Linked to Mitigation of Fibrotic Lung Remodeling.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating, incurable, and life-threatening disease. A cardinal feature of the pathogenesis of IPF is excessive extracellular matrix deposition attributable to proliferation of activated fibrotic lung fibroblasts (fLfs). To assess the underlying mechanism, we analyzed the status of the tumor suppressor protein p53 in fLfs from the lungs of IPF patients or mice with bleomycin-induced established PF.

The Role of Mechanical Stimulation in Recovery of Bone Loss-High versus Low Magnitude and Frequency of Force.

Musculoskeletal pathologies associated with decreased bone mass, including osteoporosis and disuse-induced bone loss, affect millions of Americans annually. Microgravity-induced bone loss presents a similar concern for astronauts during space missions. Many pharmaceutical treatments have slowed osteoporosis, and recent data shows promise for countermeasures for bone loss observed in astronauts.

Association of MDR-TB isolates with clinical characteristics of patients from Northern region of India.

Purpose: We sought to determine the characteristics and relative frequency of transmission of MDR-TB in North India and their association with the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of TB-patients.

Materials And Methods: To achieve the objectives PCR-SSCP, MAS-PCR and direct DNA sequencing were used against 101 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.

Results: Multidrug-resistant-TB isolates were found to be significantly higher (P=0.

Asymmetric cell division in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its unique features.

Recently, several reports showed that about 80 % of mid-log phase Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium marinum, and Mycobacterium bovis BCG cells divide symmetrically with 5-10 % deviation in the septum position from the median. However, the mode of cell division of the pathogenic mycobacterial species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remained unclear. Therefore, in the present study, using electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy of septum- and nucleoid-stained live and fixed cells, and live cell time-lapse imaging, we show the occurrence of asymmetric cell division with unusually deviated septum/constriction in 20 % of the 15 % septating M.

Better ventilator settings using a computerized clinical tool.

Background: The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndome (ARDS) Network low tidal volume (VT) trial paved the ground for mechanically ventilating ARDS patients with a VT of 6 mL/kg ideal body weight (IBW). Although there is no consensus that a low VT is advantageous in non-ARDS patients,it is accepted that high VT should be avoided. Because compliance rates with ventilator recommendations are 30%, there is a need for process improvement.

The current state of bone loss research: data from spaceflight and microgravity simulators.

Bone loss is a well documented phenomenon occurring in humans both in short- and in long-term spaceflights. This phenomenon can be also reproduced on the ground in human and animals and also modeled in cell-based analogs. Since space flights are infrequent and expensive to study the biomedical effects of microgravity on the human body, much of the known pathology of bone loss comes from experimental studies.

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with pneumocephalus: an unusual manifestation of nasal tuberculosis.

An unusual case of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea with a pneumocephalus is described in a middle-aged woman who presented with a watery nasal discharge for 1 week and headache, vomiting, and fever for 1 day. The neurological examination revealed meningeal signs and bilateral papilledema. The CSF picture suggested pyogenic meningitis, and computed tomography of the brain revealed pneumocephalus.

Sitagliptin-induced hemolysis.

Sitagliptin is a newer oral hypoglycemic drug of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor class. It appears to be a promising newer oral hypoglycemic agent. The advantages are the absence of hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy and they cause less gain weight.

Molecular diagnosis of 46,XY DSD and identification of a novel 8 nucleotide deletion in exon 1 of the SRD5A2 gene.

Phenotypic presentation of 46,XY DSD depends on the underlying defects. Defect in androgen action on the target tissues or production of active metabolite share common morphological features. Molecular study may help differentiating these abnormalities with precision.

Mutational analysis of the androgen receptor gene in two Indian families with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Mutation in the androgen receptor gene (AR) is known to cause androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). In an X-linked recessive manner, an AR mutation gets transmitted to the offspring through carrier mothers in 70% of cases, the other 30% arising de novo. However, reports on AR mutations amongst Indian patients with AIS are scarce in the literature.

Platelet count to spleen diameter ratio for the diagnosis of esophageal varices: Is it feasible?

Aim: To study the value of platelet count to spleen diameter ratio as a noninvasive parameter for diagnosing esophageal varices (EVs) in liver cirrhosis.

Methods: The laboratory and ultrasonographic variables were prospectively evaluated in 150 patients with liver cirrhosis. Only stable patients were included in the study.

Cortical alpha-adrenoceptor downregulation by tricyclic antidepressants in the rat brain.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of chronic tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) treatment on the density of alpha-adrenoceptors in the rat brain. Density of alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptors was measured in cortex and hippocampus of rats treated with imipramine (IMI, 5mg/kg body weight), desipramine (DMI, 10mg/kg body weight), clomipramine (CMI, 10mg/kg body weight) and amitriptyline (AMI, 10mg/kg body weight), for 40 days, using [3H]prazosin and [3H]clonidine, respectively. The density of cortical alpha1-adrenoceptors was significantly decreased with IMI (46%), DMI (21%), CMI (50%) and AMI (67%) treatment, without altering the affinity of the receptor.

Azithromycin as treatment for cryptosporidiosis in human immunodeficiency virus disease.

Background: Cryptosporidiosis caused by the protozoa Cryptosporidium, is the common cause of diarrhoea in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

Aim: To study the efficacy of short-term azithromycin in the management of cryptosporidiosis.

Settings And Design: Randomised, controlled trial.

A study of tinnitus profile.

There are hardly any reports on studies related to nature and types of tinnitus carried out in India, nor their seem to be any specific questionnaries developed for studying tinnitus. This prompted the authors to undertake the study of tinnitus profile with the help of a specially developed questionnaire 35 subjects with tinnitus were studied. The obtained data indicates that the severity of tinnitus is independent of type and degree of hearing loss.