Comparison of the NHANES dietary screener questionnaire to the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Recall for Children in the Healthy Communities Study.

Background: A dietary screener questionnaire (DSQ) was used to assess dietary outcomes among children in the Healthy Communities Study (HCS), a study of the relationships between programs and policies to prevent child obesity and child diet, physical activity and weight outcomes.

Methods: To compare dietary intake estimates derived from the DSQ against those from the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Recalls for Children (ASA24-Kids) among children, a measurement error model, using structural equation modelling, was utilized to estimate slopes, deattenuated correlation coefficients, and attenuation factors by age and sex, ethnicity, and BMI status.

Participants/setting: A randomly selected sub-sample of HCS participants aged 4-15 years in 130 communities throughout the U.

Associations of community programs and policies with children's dietary intakes: the Healthy Communities Study.

Background: The impact of community-based obesity prevention efforts on child nutrition has not been adequately studied.

Objective: Examine relationships between number, type and intensity of community programs and policies (CPPs) and child nutrition.

Methods: An observational study of 5138 children (grades K-8) in 130 U.

Community characteristics modify the relationship between obesity prevention efforts and dietary intake in children: the Healthy Communities Study.

Background: The influence of community characteristics on the effectiveness of childhood obesity prevention efforts is not well understood.

Objective: Examine the interaction of community characteristics with the relationship between community programmes and policies (CPPs) and dietary intake.

Methods: An observational study of 5138 children in grades K-8 in 130 US communities was conducted in 2013-2015.

Objectives of community policies and programs associated with more healthful dietary intakes among children: findings from the Healthy Communities Study.

Background: Rational planning of community policies and programs (CPPs) to prevent obesity requires an understanding of CPP objectives associated with dietary behaviours.

Objective: The objective of the study is to identify objectives of CPPs associated with healthful dietary behaviours.

Methods: An observational study identified 4026 nutrition CPPs occurring in 130 communities in the prior 6 years.

Association between community characteristics and implementation of community programmes and policies addressing childhood obesity: the Healthy Communities Study.

Background: Little is known about whether characteristics of communities are associated with differential implementation of community programmes and policies to promote physical activity and healthy eating. This study examines associations between community characteristics (e.g.

Associations between community programmes and policies and children's physical activity: the Healthy Communities Study.

Background: Community initiatives to promote physical activity in children are common, but evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the relationships between community programmes and policies and children's physical activity in a large and diverse sample of US communities.

Methods: Programmes and policies to promote children's physical activity were assessed in 130 communities by key informant interviews, and physical activity behaviours were measured by self-report and parental report in samples of children in each community (total n = 5138).

The longitudinal relationship between community programmes and policies to prevent childhood obesity and BMI in children: the Healthy Communities Study.

Background: Although a national epidemic of childhood obesity is apparent, how community-based programmes and policies (CPPs) affect this outcome is not well understood.

Objectives: This study examined the longitudinal relationship between the intensity of CPPs in 130 communities over 10 years and body mass index (BMI) of resident children. We also examined whether these relationships differ by key family or community characteristics.

Community Policies and Programs to Prevent Obesity and Child Adiposity.

Introduction: Evidence regarding impact of community policies and programs (CPPs) to prevent child obesity is limited, and which combinations of strategies and components are most important is not understood. The Healthy Communities Study was an observational study to assess relationships of characteristics and intensity of CPPs with adiposity, diet, and physical activity in children, taking advantage of variation across the U.S.

Exposure of U.S. children to residential dust lead, 1999-2004: II. The contribution of lead-contaminated dust to children's blood lead levels.

Background: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collected health, housing, and environmental data in a single integrated national survey for the first time in the United States in 1999-2004.

Exposure of U.S. children to residential dust lead, 1999-2004: I. Housing and demographic factors.

Background: Lead-contaminated house dust is a major source of lead exposure for children in the United States. In 1999-2004, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected dust lead (PbD) loading samples from the homes of children 12-60 months of age.

Objectives: In this study we aimed to compare national PbD levels with existing health-based standards and to identify housing and demographic factors associated with floor and windowsill PbD.

Preventing alcohol-exposed pregnancies: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure is a leading preventable cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States.

Design: A randomized controlled trial (2002-2005; data analyzed 2005-2006) of a brief motivational intervention to reduce the risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) in preconceptional women by focusing on both risk drinking and ineffective contraception use.

Setting/participants: A total of 830 nonpregnant women, aged 18-44 years, and currently at risk for an AEP were recruited in six diverse settings in Florida, Texas, and Virginia.

Deaths from residential injuries in US children and adolescents, 1985-1997.

Objective: The majority of deaths from unintentional injuries in children occur in the home environment, but there has not been a comprehensive analysis of residential deaths in the United States since 1985. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and trends of deaths from injuries that occurred in the residential setting.

Methods: Injury-related death rates of all deaths among US children and adolescents who were younger than 20 years from 1985 to 1997 were calculated using National Vital Statistics System Mortality Data from 1985 to 1997 by age group, gender, region, and race.