Role of oxidative stress in depression.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have vital roles in cellular signaling and in defence against invasive microorganisms. Excessive ROS generation and exhaustion of antioxidative defences trigger proinflammatory signaling, damaging vital macromolecules and inducing cellular apoptosis. The failure of cells to maintain redox homeostasis and resultant generation of proinflammatory mediators leads to cell necrosis.

Impact of pharmaceutical care on clinical outcomes among hemodialysis patients: A multicenter randomized controlled study.

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of pharmaceutical care on medication adherence, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, blood pressure (BP), and interdialytic weight gain (IDW) among hemodialysis (HD) patients. An open-label randomized controlled study has been conducted at three different hospitals of HD centers. The patients have been randomized into two groups [usual care group (UCG) and pharmaceutical care group (PCG)] by block design.

Cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical care on patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis - a multicenter randomized controlled study.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical care versus usual care on the treatment costs in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) in the outpatient HD centers of academic, government, and corporate hospitals.

Methods: An open-labeled randomized controlled study was registered under clinical trial registry of India (Ref. no.

Impact of pharmaceutical care on the health-related quality of life among hemodialysis patients - A multicenter randomized controlled study.

The present study was planned to assess the impact of pharmaceutical care on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among hemodialysis (HD) patients. An open-label, randomized control study was carried out at three different HD centers of teaching, government, and corporate hospitals in South India. The patients were randomized into two groups (Usual Care Group [UC] and Pharmaceutical Care Group [PC]) by block design method.

Antibiotic prophylaxis in organophosphorus poisoning: A study of health and economic outcomes.

Organophosphorus poisoning (OPP) is a major concern for developing countries. There are no guidelines for the prophylactic use of antibiotics in the management of OPP which in such critical cases might add to the economic burden of the patients as well as antibiotic resistance. We compared the health and economic outcomes in patients prescribed with prophylactic antibiotics with respect to the patients not prescribed with any antibiotics.

Clinical and economic outcomes of Acinetobacter vis a vis non-Acinetobacter infections in an Indian teaching hospital.

Context: Acinetobacter infections are a major nosocomial infection causing epidemics of infection in the Intensive Care Units (ICU).

Aims: This study estimates the clinical and economic outcomes of Acinetobacter infections and compares them with those of non-Acinetobacter bacterial infections.

Settings And Design: Prospective cross-sectional observational study carried out for 6 months in the medicine ICU of a tertiary care hospital.

Preparation, validation and user-testing of pictogram-based patient information leaflets for hemodialysis patients.

Background: Patient information leaflets are universally-accepted resources to educate the patients/users about their medications, disease and lifestyle modification.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to prepare, validate and perform user-testing of pictogram-based patient information leaflets (P-PILs) among hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods: The P-PILs are prepared by referring to the primary, secondary and tertiary resources.

Cross-cultural adaptation, validation and reliability of the South Indian (Kannada) version of the Kidney Disease and Quality of Life (KDQOL-36) instrument.

Health-related quality of life is an essential aspect concerned with the treatment outcomes. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the South Indian (Kannada) version of the Kidney Disease and Quality of Life-36 (KDQOL-36) instrument for hemodialysis (HD) patients. The KDQOL-36 instrument was validated by the committee of experts consisting of healthcare providers such as nephrologists (three), senior HD staff nurse (one) and clinical pharmacist (one).

Evaluation of Workload and its Impact on Satisfaction Among Pharmacy Academicians in Southern India.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of workload among pharmacy academicians working in public and private sector universities in India. The study also aimed to assess the satisfaction of academicians towards their workload.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 2 months among pharmacy academicians in Karnataka state of Southern India.

Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of hospitalised pre-dialysis and dialysis patients: A comparative study.

Background: The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be attributed to various factors, including lack of medical services, delayed referral, lack of awareness about the disease, drugs, and financial support.

Aims: To compare the pharmacoeconomic-related direct medical and non-medical costs among hospitalised pre-dialysis and dialysis patients.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on the inpatients admitted to the Department of Nephrology.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis in hemodialysis patient.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare and life-threatening allergic drug reaction. We report a 26-year-old young female with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis developing TEN while on filgrastim and phenytoin. It was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and steroids.

Assessment of drug-related problems in depressive patients.

Background: Drug-related problems (DRPs) frequently occur in modern medical practice, increasing the morbidity and mortality as well as increasing cost of care.

Objective: The study is to evaluate the incidence of DRPs in patients admitted to a psychiatric department.

Materials And Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 4 months at Baliga psychiatric hospital.

Atorvastatin-induced acute pancreatitis.

Atorvastatin-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the rare adverse effects available in the literature. We report a case of 53-year-old patient developed AP after treatment with atorvastatin monotherapy which resolved after drug withdrawal. Extensive workup on AP failed to reveal any other etiology for it.

Synergy of gatifloxacin with cefoperazone and cefoperazone-sulbactam against resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Chequerboard and time-kill methods were used to compare the in vitro efficacies of the combinations gatifloxacin (GAT) with cefoperazone (CFP) and GAT with cefoperazone-sulbactam (CFP-SUL) against 58 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The combinations GAT+CFP and GAT+CFP-SUL were shown to be synergistic for 36.2 and 58.

Biphasic effects of losartan potassium on immobility in mice.

The effects of losartan potassium, an angiotensin AT(1) receptor blocker on immobility in forced swim test have been studied. Effect of losartan potassium, nortriptyline HCl, fluoxetine HCl and reserpine per se and in combination on forced swimming-induced immobility in mice have also been studied. In mice, losartan potassium elicits biphasic responses i.