Early Cancer Detection via Multi-microRNA Profiling of Urinary Exosomes Captured by Nanowires.

Multiple microRNAs encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes, unique subtypes of EVs, differ in healthy and cancer groups of people, and they represent a warning sign for various cancer scenarios. Since all EVs in blood cannot be transferred from donor to recipient cells during a single blood circulation, kidney filtration could pass some untransferred EVs from blood to urine. Previously, we reported on the ability of zinc oxide nanowires to capture EVs based on surface charge and hydrogen bonding; these nanowires extracted massive numbers of microRNAs in urine, seeking cancer-related microRNAs through statistical analysis.

Molecular profiling of extracellular vesicles via charge-based capture using oxide nanowire microfluidics.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promising features as biomarkers for early cancer diagnoses. The outer layer of cancer cell-derived EVs consists of organotropic metastasis-induced membrane proteins and specifically enriched proteoglycans, and these molecular compositions determine EV surface charge. Although many efforts have been devoted to investigating the correlation between EV subsets obtained through density-, size-, and immunoaffinity-based captures and expressed membrane proteins, understanding the correlation between EV subsets obtained through surface charge-based capture and expressed membrane proteins is lacking.

Urinary MicroRNA-Based Diagnostic Model for Central Nervous System Tumors Using Nanowire Scaffolds.

There are no accurate mass screening methods for early detection of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Recently, liquid biopsy has received a lot of attention for less-invasive cancer screening. Unlike other cancers, CNS tumors require efforts to find biomarkers due to the blood-brain barrier, which restricts molecular exchange between the parenchyma and blood.

Effects of surgical treatment for classical trigeminal neuralgia with concomitant persistent facial pain.

Purpose: Classical trigeminal neuralgia with concomitant persistent facial pain responds poorly to conservative treatment. The authors describe the effects of microvascular decompression and radiofrequency thermocoagulation for patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia and concomitant persistent facial pain.

Case Report: Case 1 was a 61-year-old man with dull, continuous, aching pain in the left maxillary and mandibular molar area.

Effects of exercise therapy on painful temporomandibular disorders.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions among orofacial pain. Painful TMD condition such as myalgia and arthralgia can be managed by exercise therapy. However, as it is hard to access actual effect of each modality that is included in an exercise therapy programme due to multiple choice of the management modality, their efficacy remains controversial.

Characteristics of Glutamate-Evoked Pain in the Masseter Region: Differences Between Targeted Injections in Subcutaneous, Muscle, and Bone Tissues.

Aims: To investigate whether glutamate-evoked pain in the masseter region differs between three different depths of injection, targeting subcutaneous, muscle, and bone tissues.

Methods: A total of 16 healthy volunteers participated and, in a randomized order, received injections of glutamate (1.0 M, 0.

Comparison of masseter muscle referred sensations after mechanical and glutamate stimulation: a randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over study.

Referred sensations (RS) are commonly found in various musculoskeletal pain conditions. Experimental studies have shown that RS can be elicited through glutamate injection and mechanical stimulation. Despite this, differences and similarities between these modalities in RS outcomes remain unclear.

Unveiling massive numbers of cancer-related urinary-microRNA candidates via nanowires.

Analyzing microRNAs (miRNAs) within urine extracellular vesicles (EVs) is important for realizing miRNA-based, simple, and noninvasive early disease diagnoses and timely medical checkups. However, the inherent difficulty in collecting dilute concentrations of EVs (<0.01 volume %) from urine has hindered the development of these diagnoses and medical checkups.

Intraoral chemical burn in an elderly patient with dementia.

We describe the case of a 77 year-old Japanese woman who was referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital with symptoms of spontaneous intraoral pain and dysphagia evoked by accidental alkaline (calcium oxide) ingestion. The stomach and esophagus were examined under endoscopy, but no evidence of burns or ulceration associated with the calcium oxide was apparent in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Oral care, antibacterial therapy (cefmetazole sodium) and nutritional management were performed after hospitalization.

Assessment of human intraoral thermal sensitivity with simple devices in the clinic: implications for orofacial pain conditions.

Aims: To use simple thermal devices with different diameters and temperatures to investigate reliability and magnitude of human intraoral thermal sensitivity.

Methods: Sixteen healthy volunteers participated. Six thermal devices with tapered circular ends (stimulus diameter 3, 5, and 10 mm) were used.

Influence of topical application of capsaicin, menthol and local anesthetics on intraoral somatosensory sensitivity in healthy subjects: temporal and spatial aspects.

The aim of this study was to investigate temporal and spatial aspects of somatosensory changes after topical application of capsaicin, menthol and local anesthetics (LA) on the gingiva with the use of intraoral palpometers and thermal devices. Sixteen healthy volunteers (eight male, eight female) participated. Four topical preparations (capsaicin, menthol, LA and Vaseline as a control) were randomly applied to the gingiva around the first premolar in the upper jaw via individual oral templates, which allowed spatial mapping of somatosensory changes at and adjacent to the site of application.

Effect of a reversal mirror condition on orofacial mechanical sensitivity.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether watching one's own face being touched in a reversal mirror condition modulates orofacial somatosensory sensitivity. A total of 37 healthy volunteers participated in a pilot study, the main study, and a control experiment. In the main experiment, 16 participants received seven different intensities of pinprick stimuli in the right infraorbital region.

Application of a new palpometer for intraoral mechanical pain sensitivity assessment.

Aims: To investigate the reliability and magnitude of intraoral mechanical pain sensitivity by using a palpometer with add-on devices with different physical properties.

Methods: Sixteen healthy volunteers participated. Three palpometers (0.

Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography-myelography for quantitative evaluation of lumbar intracanalar cross-section.

Purpose: A comparison of MRI and computed tomography-myelography (CTM) for lumbar intracanalar dimensions. To compare the capability and reproducibility of MRI and CTM in measuring the cross-sectional morphology of intracanalar lesions of the lumbar spine.

Materials And Methods: MRI and CTM of lumbar disc levels from 61 subjects with various lumbar spinal diseases were studied.

Hemilaminectomy for removal of extramedullary or extradural spinal cord tumors: medium to long-term clinical outcomes.

Purpose: Laminectomy is generally the treatment of choice for removal of spinal tumors. However, it has been shown that laminectomy may cause instability due to damage of posterior elements of the spinal column, which may induce subsequent kyphosis in the future. Therefore, to reduce the risk of deformity and spinal instability after laminectomy, hemilaminectomy has been used.

Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomogram-myelography for evaluation of cross sections of cervical spinal morphology.

Study Design: Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography-myelography (CTM) for cervical intracanalar dimensions.

Objective: To compare the capability and reproducibility of MRI and CTM in measuring the cross-sectional morphology of intracanalar lesions of the cervical spine.

Summary Of Background Data: The relative advantages and disadvantages of MRI and CTM in measuring cervical intracanalar dimensions are poorly understood.

Nuclear isoforms of fibroblast growth factor 2 are novel inducers of hypophosphatemia via modulation of FGF23 and KLOTHO.

FGF2 transgenic mice were developed in which type I collagen regulatory sequences drive the nuclear high molecular weight FGF2 isoforms in osteoblasts (TgHMW). The phenotype of TgHMW mice included dwarfism, decreased bone mineral density (BMD), osteomalacia, and decreased serum phosphate (P(i)). When TgHMW mice were fed a high P(i) diet, BMD was increased, and dwarfism was partially reversed.

Altruists are trusted based on non-verbal cues.

The identification of altruists based on non-verbal cues might offer a solution to the problem of subtle cheating. Previous studies have indicated that the ability to discriminate altruists from non-altruists emerges during evolution. However, behavioural differences with regard to social exchanges involving altruists and non-altruists have not been studied.

Reconstruction of the Achilles tendon and overlying soft tissue using an anteromedial thigh flap for a post-burn pes equinus deformity: a case report.

We present a 36-year-old man with a severe pes equinus deformity of the ankle and an intractable ulcer over the Achilles tendon after a 4th-degree burn. He underwent a one-stage reconstructive surgical procedure using an anteromedial thigh flap with its vascularised fascia. After lengthening of the Achilles tendon and posterior release of the ankle, the anteromedial thigh fasciocutaneous flap was transferred.

Treatment of trochanteric fractures with the PFNA (proximal femoral nail antirotation) nail system - report of early results.

Currently, intramedullary devices are widely used for the treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures. A new device designed by AO/ASIF, the PFNA (proximal femoral nail antirotation), represents a unique intramedullary nail system for improved management, particularly in the elderly. The aim of the present study was to analyze the results of treatment with PFNA in 50 patients with trochanteric fractures.

Reduced expression and function of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in bones of Fgf2 null mice.

Disruption of the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) gene results in reduced bone mass in mice and impairs expression of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) an important mediator of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Since the relationship between FGF-2 and BMP-2 in bone remodeling has not been fully determined, in this study we examined whether endogenous FGF-2 was necessary for maximal effect of BMP-2 on periosteal bone formation in vivo and bone nodule formation and osteoclast formation in vitro in Fgf2-/- mice. We showed that BMP-2 significantly increased periosteal bone formation by 57% in Fgf2+/+ mice but the changes were not significant in Fgf2-/- littermates.

Reliabilities of and correlations among five standard methods of assessing the sagittal alignment of the cervical spine.

Study Design: The reliabilities of and correlations among 5 standard methods of assessing cervical sagittal alignment were evaluated.

Objective: To investigate the reliabilities of and correlations among 5 standard methods of assessing cervical sagittal alignment.

Summary Of Background Data: Although various cervical sagittal alignment assessment methods are widely used, their relative reliability and intercorrelation have not been reported.

Successful joint arthroplasty after treatment of destructive MRSA arthritis of the knee using antibiotic-loaded hydroxyapatite blocks: a case report.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) septic arthritis is frequently associated with a poor clinical outcome. Joint reconstruction may be worth attempting in patients with a history of persistent MRSA infection. Here we report an unusual case of MRSA septic arthritis of the knee joint that was treated successfully by joint replacement after initial placement of antibiotic-loaded hydroxyapatite (HA) blocks.

In vivo and in vitro comparison of the effects of FGF-2 null and haplo-insufficiency on bone formation in mice.

We previously reported that deletion of the Fgf2 gene (Fgf2-/-) resulted in decreased bone mass in adult mice. This study examines the effect of haplo-insuffiency (Fgf2+/-) on bone loss in vertebrae from these mutant mice. Fgf2+/+ mice attained peak bone mass at 8-9 months of age.