Sero-Prevalence of Hemorrhagic Septicaemia in Cattle and Buffalo Population of Indian States Karnataka and Gujarat.

Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is a highly contagious and fatal disease of cattle and buffaloes caused by . Both conventional and molecular methods are applied in parallel for rapid diagnosis of HS outbreaks and the periodical surveillance strategy to identify risk areas for HS is ignored. The current cross-sectional study aimed to estimate sero-prevalence and associated risk factors for HS in cattle and buffaloes in non-vaccinated regions of two Indian states.

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of leptospirosis in bovine dairy farms in Telangana state, India.

The current cross-sectional study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira infection in bovine dairy farms in the Telangana state of India, as well as the associated risk factors, in order to implement effective preventive measures for disease control. A total of 469 blood samples were collected from 67 herds/farms in different areas, covering 20 administrative districts in the state. These samples consisted of 253 from cattle and 216 from buffaloes.

Management of bovine brucellosis in organized dairy herds through the identification of risk factors: A cross-sectional study from Karnataka, India.

Background And Aim: Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by species. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis seropositivity in organized dairy farms to control the disease in unvaccinated adult bovine herds in Karnataka, India.

Materials And Methods: In total, 3610 samples (3221 cattle and 389 buffaloes) were subjected to parallel testing using the Rose Bengal plate test and protein G-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, followed by analyses of animal- and farm-level epidemiological datasets to identify the risk factors.

Evaluation of an in-house IgM/IgG lateral flow assay for serodiagnosis of human brucellosis.

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of an in-house lateral flow assay (LFA) for the detection of IgM/IgG anti-Brucella antibodies for rapid serodiagnosis of human brucellosis. Three groups of sera samples including 476 from high-risk individuals, 27 from culture-confirmed patients, and 43 from healthy blood donors were used for evaluation of LFA. In comparison with iELISA, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of LFA were >95%, >99%, and 99% respectively.

Countrywide cross-sectional study of swine brucellosis sero-prevalence in Indian subcontinent during 2018-2019.

Brucellosis in swine is a contagious disease with greater zoonotic potential caused by Brucella suis. The study describes PAN India swine brucellosis sero-prevalence in 5431 stratified random serum samples collected during 2018-2019 from 26 out of 29 states and two out of seven union territories. The serum samples were tested for anti-Brucella antibodies by indirect ELISA and overall, 4.

Seroprevalence and risk factors for brucellosis in small ruminant flocks in Karnataka in the Southern Province of India.

Background And Aim: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of high economic and public health importance in large and small ruminant populations worldwide. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants in organized farms in the southern region of India.

Materials And Methods: Farms exclusively rearing sheep and goats were selected based on the number of animals (small, medium, or large) and the location of the farm (urban, periurban, or rural).

Comparative evaluation of the immunodominant proteins of for the diagnosis of cattle brucellosis.

Background And Aim: The present serodiagnosis of brucellosis in livestock is based on the whole cell or smooth lipopolysaccharide of the organism in which specificity is hampered by the cross-reactivity, especially with the antibodies against O:9 organism. The problem can be addressed by screening for better immunodominant antigens. Hence, the present study was undertaken to screen protein antigens of for their diagnostic potential in cattle brucellosis.

Spatial sero-prevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants of India: Nationwide cross-sectional study for the year 2017-2018.

Brucellosis in small ruminants caused mainly due to Brucella melitensis is an important zoonotic disease characterized by abortion, retained placenta, infertility, orchitis, epididymitis and rarely arthritis. Small ruminants are the main source of economy for the rural and marginally poor farmers and brucellosis is resulting in huge economic losses due to abortions and infertility and causing public health concern among the small ruminant keepers. Bovine brucellosis control programme has been implemented in India and small ruminants are left out of the programme mainly due to paucity of brucellosis status.

Spatial seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in India-A large random sampling survey.

Brucellosis caused by Brucella spp. is an important zoonosis and constitutes a serious public health hazard. In India, the disease is increasingly prevalent among bovine population with high zoonotic potential and negative impact on national economy.

Serological and molecular analysis for brucellosis in selected swine herds from Southern India.

Background: Swine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella suis. The study describes the occurrence of brucellosis in two organized piggeries in Southern India.

Methods: A total of 585 serum samples comprising 575 from pigs and 10 from animal handlers were collected and tested by serological tests and PCR.

Lateral flow assay for brucellosis testing in multiple livestock species.

Lateral flow assay (LFA) for brucellosis was standardized and evaluated. The test showed high diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for diagnosis of brucellosis in bovines, small ruminants and swine. The study emphasized the importance of LFA as a useful, rapid, and easy-to-perform tool for the testing of brucellosis.

Prevalence of Leptospira serogroup-specific antibodies in cattle associated with reproductive problems in endemic states of India.

In this study, the seroprevalence and distribution of Leptospira in dairy cattle in endemic states of India were investigated in association with reproductive problems of the cattle. A total of 373 cattle serum samples from 45 farms in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, Chhattisgarh, Sikkim and Uttarakhand states were collected from animals with a history of reproductive disorders like abortion, repeat breeding, anoestrus and endometritis, and also from apparently healthy animals. These samples were screened for Leptospira serogroup-specific antibodies by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a panel of 18 live reference serovar antigens.

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis among veterinary health care professionals.

The study describes prevalence, clinical symptoms and risk factors for brucellosis in personnel engaged in veterinary health care in Karnataka, India. A total of 1050 sera samples were collected from animal handlers, veterinarians, veterinary students, para-veterinarians and persons engaged in artificial insemination of animals. The sera samples were tested for brucellosis by Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), IgG and IgM indirect ELISA and PCR.

Comparative evaluation of recombinant LigB protein and heat-killed antigen-based latex agglutination test with microscopic agglutination test for diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis.

This study aimed to develop latex agglutination test (LAT) using recombinant leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein (LigB) (rLigB) antigen and compare its diagnostic efficacy with LAT using conventional heat-killed leptospiral antigen and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) in diagnosing bovine leptospirosis. The PCR-amplified 1053-bp ligB gene sequences from Leptospira borgpetersenii Hardjo serovar were cloned in pET 32 (a) vector at EcoRI and NotI sites and expressed in BL21 E. coli cells as fusion protein with thioredoxin (-57 kDa) and characterized by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot.

Characterization of leptospira isolates from animals and humans: phylogenetic analysis identifies the prevalence of intermediate species in India.

In this study, 191 culture isolates were recovered from suspected samples of animals and humans in Ellinghausen McCullough Johnson and Harris (EMJH) medium and assessed for its morphological features by dark field microscopy. Extracted DNA from individual culture was subjected to different PCR assays for identification and characterization of leptospira. Out of 99 positive leptospira cultures, 52 pathogenic leptospira isolates were characterized at species level by using partial RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) gene sequences.

Molecular typing of Brucella species isolates from livestock and human.

Although host specificity has been observed in different species of Brucella, crossing the animal host boundary is likely to occur at any time. In this study, Bruce ladder PCR and abortus-melitensis-ovis-suis (AMOS) PCR assays were used to characterize 47 Brucella isolates from Indian origin in order to know exact species for understanding epidemiology of brucellosis. Out of them, 28, 14, and 5 isolates were found to be Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, and Brucella suis, respectively.