Three cases of xanthinuria identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-based urine metabolomics.

Introduction: Early diagnosis of patients with urolithiasis or hypouricemia owing to inborn errors of hypoxanthine metabolism is important in preventing renal failure or drug-induced toxicity.

Case Presentation: We identified three patients with xanthinuria using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-based urine metabolomics: a 72-year-old male with bladder stone, a severe hypouricemic 59-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and an 8-year and 9-month-old female who was first discovered to harbor a mutation in the xanthine dehydrogenase gene using whole-exome sequencing, but had a normal molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene. Hydantoin-5-propionate was detected in the first and third patients but not in the second, suggesting that the first and second patients had type I and II xanthinuria, respectively.

Needlestick Injuries With Insulin Injections: Risk Factors, Concerns, and Implications of the Use of Safety Pen Needles in the Asia-Pacific Region.

Globally, health care workers (HCWs) are at a high risk of occupational exposure to needlestick injuries (NSIs). Needlestick injuries not only are associated with an increased risk of infections caused by bloodborne pathogens but are also a primary source of emotional distress and job burnout for HCWs and patients. Insulin injection-related NSIs are common among HCWs working in hospitals in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region and impose a significant burden.

Stigma evaluation for diabetes and other chronic non-communicable disease patients: Development, validation and clinical use of stigma scale - The Kanden Institute Stigma Scale.

Aims/introduction: The aim of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate disease stigma in patients with lifestyle-related chronic non-communicable diseases (LCNCDs), which we named the Kanden Institute Stigma Scale (KISS), and to consider its possible clinical application for patients with diabetes.

Materials And Methods: An initial 90 questions were drafted and categorized into six subscales according to the manifestations of stigma. The final version of the KISS was developed as a 24-item questionnaire comprising four items for each subscale.

Effects of physician's diabetes self-management education using Japan Association of Diabetes Education and Care Diabetes Education Card System Program and a self-monitoring of blood glucose readings analyzer in individuals with type 2 diabetes: An exploratory, open-labeled, prospective randomized clinical trial.

Aims/introduction: This 6-month, single-center, prospective, open-labeled, randomized trial was designed to investigate whether physicians' diabetes self-management education using an education tool developed by the Japan Association of Diabetes Education and Care and a self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) analyzer improves glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin and SMBG.

Materials And Methods: Participants were randomized into intervention (I) and control (C) groups. Both groups received physicians' diabetes self-management education at each hospital visit, whereas the Japan Association of Diabetes Education and Care education tool and the SMBG readings analyzer was used in group I, but not group C.

Lifestyle changes as a result of COVID-19 containment measures: Bodyweight and glycemic control in patients with diabetes in the Japanese declaration of a state of emergency.

To clarify the association between lifestyle changes as a result of coronavirus disease 2019 containment measures and changes in metabolic and glycemic status in patients with diabetes, a cross-sectional, single-center, observation study was carried out. A self-reported questionnaire was provided to ascertain the frequency of various lifestyle activities before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 containment measures in Japan. Among 463 patients, change in glycated hemoglobin was significantly associated with change in bodyweight.

Mental distress and health-related quality of life among type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients using self-monitoring of blood glucose: A cross-sectional questionnaire study in Japan.

Aims/introduction: The present multicenter, cross-sectional survey was initiated to evaluate self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)-associated mental distress among patients with diabetes.

Materials And Methods: The survey was carried out in patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes using SMBG recruited from 42 medical institutions. Profiles of Mood States 2 and diabetes therapy-related quality of life questionnaires were used to evaluate mood status and health-related quality of life.

Effects of rapid-acting insulin analogues insulin glulisine and insulin aspart on postprandial glycemic excursion with single bout of exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The analogue insulin glulisine (Glu) shows both more rapid onset and shorter duration of action compared with the other rapid-acting insulin analogues. The current study investigates these properties in regard to the occurrence of hypoglycemia related to exercise. A randomized, single-center, open-label, crossover study was conducted in 12 hospitalized type 2 diabetes patients (all male, mean ± SD age of 51.

Sitagliptin reduces the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio in type 2 diabetes through decreasing both blood pressure and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Background: We investigated the change in the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) to examine the effect of sitagliptin on diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: Sitagliptin at a dose of 50 mg was administered to 247 outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected on the patients' laboratory results (including the ACR), blood pressure, and body weight.

Usefulness of a semi-quantitative procalcitonin test and the A-DROP Japanese prognostic scale for predicting mortality among adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.

Background And Objective: The solid-phase immunoassay, semi-quantitative procalcitonin (PCT) test (B R A H M S PCT-Q) can be used to rapidly categorize PCT levels into four grades. However, the usefulness of this kit for determining the prognosis of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is unclear.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in two Japanese hospitals to evaluate the usefulness of this PCT test in determining the prognosis of adult patients with CAP.

Arginine vasopressin-independent mechanism of impaired water excretion in a patient with sarcoidosis complicated by central diabetes insipidus and glucocorticoid deficiency.

A 28-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of reduced livido and increased fatigability. Four months before admission, he noticed polyuria, which was gradually relieved by admission. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed enhancing lesion centrally in the pituitary stalk.

An insulinoma for which secretin test and selective arterial calcium injection test were useful.

A 76-year-old woman suffered from somnolence while fasting for almost 2 years. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (40 mg/dl) and the immunoreactive insulin (IRI) level (8.8 microU/ml) were not compatible with Fajan's ratio or Turner's ratio observed in typical insulinoma.