Appraising groundwater quality and probabilistic human health risks from fluoride-enriched groundwater using the pollution index of groundwater (PIG) and GIS: a case study of adama town and its vicinities in the central main Ethiopian rift valley.

This research's main objective is to identify the level of contamination in drinking water in Adama town and its environs by employing PIG, GIS and HHRA. The physical-chemical parameters of groundwater were determined, and the results were compared to regional and global drinking water quality guidelines. The pH of groundwater is alkaline, and the contents of Ca, Na, HCO , and F in the majority of samples surpassed the permissible drinking limit.

Potential Human Health Risks Due to Groundwater Fluoride Contamination: A Case Study Using Multi-techniques Approaches (GWQI, FPI, GIS, HHRA) in Bilate River Basin of Southern Main Ethiopian Rift, Ethiopia.

The main focus of the present research was to examine the appropriateness of groundwater resources for drinking purposes in the Bilate River Basin of Southern Main Ethiopian Rift, Ethiopia. The groundwater quality index (GWQI), fluoride pollution index (FPI), and human health risk were used to examine the human health risk factors associated with the intake of high fluoride groundwater. For this purpose, 29 groundwater samples were collected from the existing wells and were analyzed for various physicochemical parameters.