The Symbiotic Bacteria- All and H06 Strongly Affected the Phenoloxidase Activation of Nipa Palm Hispid, (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larvae.

Symbiotic bacteria form a mutualistic relationship with nematodes and are pathogenic to many insect pests. They kill insects using various strategies to evade or suppress their humoral and cellular immunity. Here we evaluate the toxic effects of these bacteria and their secondary metabolites on the survival and phenoloxidase (PO) activation of larvae using biochemical and molecular methods.

The Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Inhibit the Activation of proPO System of the Nipa Palm Hispid (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Entomopathogenic nematodes are biocontrol agents of invasive insect pests in soil and cryptic habitats. Nipa palm hispid, , is a pest of palm trees in Sothern China. To address its increasing damage, environmentally friendly control methods are required.

Exploring the Role of Relish on Antimicrobial Peptide Expressions (AMPs) Upon Nematode-Bacteria Complex Challenge in the Nipa Palm Hispid Beetle, Maulik (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

The humoral immune responses of the nipa palm hispid beetle involves the inducible expression of the genes coding for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which are mediated by immune deficiency signaling pathways. In insects, the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor, Relish, has been shown to regulate AMP gene expressions upon microbial infections. Here, we dissect the expression patterns of some AMPs in during infections by entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their symbionts, before and after Relish knock down.

Pyrosequencing Uncovers a Shift in Bacterial Communities Across Life Stages of (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Bacterial symbionts of insects affect a wide array of host traits including fitness and immunity. (Maulik), commonly known as hispid leaf beetle is a destructive palm pest around the world. Understanding the dynamics of microbiota is essential to unravel the complex interplay between and its bacterial symbionts.

Entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae surpasses the cellular immune responses of the hispid beetle, Octodonta nipae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

The Nipa palm hispid, Octodonta nipae (Maulik) is an important invasive pest of palm trees particularly in Southern China. How this beetle interacts with invading pathogens via its immune system remains to be dissected. Steinernema carpocapsae is a pathogenic nematode that attacks a number of insects of economic importance.