Immunogenicity of enterotoxigenic outer membrane vesicles encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles.

Objectives: Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrheal disease in humans, particularly in children under 5 years and travelers in developing countries.To our knowledge, no vaccine is licensed yet to protect against ETEC infection. Like many Gram-negative pathogens, ETEC can secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs).

Immunogenicity of Vibrio cholerae outer membrane vesicles secreted at various environmental conditions.

Cholera is caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae. It is a significant health problem and an important cause of mortality of children in developing countries. Annually, about 5-7 million people are being infected worldwide, leading to death of 100,000 to 120,000.