Germline sequencing in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer from the BARCODE2 study reveals a wide range of pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes.

Background: The presence of germline mutations plays an increasingly important role in risk assessment and treatment of prostate cancer (PrCa). Screening for high-risk mutations in subsets of patients is becoming routine. We explore the prevalence of germline genetic mutations in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) recruited to the BARCODE2 trial.

Identification of Genes with Rare Loss of Function Variants Associated with Aggressive Prostate Cancer and Survival.

Background: Prostate cancer (PrCa) is a substantial cause of mortality among men globally. Rare germline mutations in BRCA2 have been validated robustly as increasing risk of aggressive forms with a poorer prognosis; however, evidence remains less definitive for other genes.

Objective: To detect genes associated with PrCa aggressiveness, through a pooled analysis of rare variant sequencing data from six previously reported studies in the UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study (UKGPCS).

Necrotizing enterocolitis and congenital heart disease.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a prominent surgical emergency among infant population, associated with a significant mortality, as well as various subsequent morbidities. Congenital heart disease (CHD) has an increased associated incidence with NEC in infant population. Recent research has provided insight into the pathophysiology of NEC in patients with CHD and how this differs from those without CHD.

Incidence and Clinical Features of Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax in COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Background: Pneumothorax (PTX) and pneumomediastinum (PM), collectively termed here "air leak", are now well described complications of severe COVID-19 pneumonia across several case series. The incidence is thought to be approximately 1% but is not definitively known.

Objectives: To report the incidence and describe the demographic features, risk factors and outcomes of patients with air leak as a complication of COVID-19.

Relationship of self-reported body size and shape with risk for prostate cancer: A UK case-control study.

Introduction: Previous evidence has suggested a relationship between male self-reported body size and the risk of developing prostate cancer. In this UK-wide case-control study, we have explored the possible association of prostate cancer risk with male self-reported body size. We also investigated body shape as a surrogate marker for fat deposition around the body.

The effect of antivirals on COVID-19: a systematic review.

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 is a contagious infection that has infected millions worldwide. The objective of this systematic review is to identify studies pertaining to antivirals, both as sole and combined therapies, in COVID-19 patients and review the clinical outcomes of these treatment methods.

Areas Covered: A systematic review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items or Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Homeobox B13 G84E Mutation and Prostate Cancer Risk.

Background: The homeobox B13 (HOXB13) G84E mutation has been recommended for use in genetic counselling for prostate cancer (PCa), but the magnitude of PCa risk conferred by this mutation is uncertain.

Objective: To obtain precise risk estimates for mutation carriers and information on how these vary by family history and other factors.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Two-fold: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published risk estimates, and a kin-cohort study comprising pedigree data on 11983 PCa patients enrolled during 1993-2014 from 189 UK hospitals and who had been genotyped for HOXB13 G84E.