Bubbling With Confidence: A Study of Numerous Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty Cases Using Anwar's Big Bubble Technique.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the postoperative results, variability, and complications of a hundred deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty cases. Study design and duration: This is an observational study. The study was conducted at Pak International Medical College (PIMC) for a duration of four years (January 2019-January 2023).

Why People Enter and Embrace Violent Groups.

We distinguish two pathways people may follow when they join violent groups: compliance and internalization. Compliance occurs when individuals are coerced to join by powerful influence agents. Internalization occurs when individuals join due to a perceived convergence between the self and the group.

Neuroimaging 'will to fight' for sacred values: an empirical case study with supporters of an Al Qaeda associate.

Violent intergroup conflicts are often motivated by commitments to abstract ideals such as god or nation, so-called 'sacred' values that are insensitive to material trade-offs. There is scant knowledge of how the brain processes costly sacrifices for such cherished causes. We studied willingness to fight and die for sacred values using fMRI in Barcelona, Spain, among supporters of a radical Islamist group.

Ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal interactions underlie will to fight and die for a cause.

Willingness to fight and die (WFD) has been developed as a measure to capture willingness to incur costly sacrifices for the sake of a greater cause in the context of entrenched conflict. WFD measures have been repeatedly used in field studies, including studies on the battlefield, although their neurofunctional correlates remain unexplored. Our aim was to identify the neural underpinnings of WFD, focusing on neural activity and interconnectivity of brain areas previously associated with value-based decision-making, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC).

Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Sacred Values and Vulnerability to Violent Extremism.

Violent extremism is often explicitly motivated by commitment to abstract ideals such as the nation or divine law-so-called "sacred" values that are relatively insensitive to material incentives and define our primary reference groups. Moreover, extreme pro-group behavior seems to intensify after social exclusion. This fMRI study explores underlying neural and behavioral relationships between sacred values, violent extremism, and social exclusion.

CSF bone cyst in a cervical vertebra.

A 43 year male patient presented with neck pain, upper limb paraesthesia and right foot weakness. A MRI scan revealed a bone cyst involving C4 spinous process, lamina, pedicles and the posterior part of the vertebral body causing focal spinal stenosis. A C4 laminectomy and C3-C5 lateral mass screw fixation was done.