Retained bullet fragments after nonfatal gunshot wounds: epidemiology and outcomes.

Background: With no consensus on the optimal management strategy for asymptomatic retained bullet fragments (RBF), the emerging data on RBF lead toxicity have become an increasingly important issue. There are, however, a paucity of data on the magnitude of this problem. The aim of this study was to address this by characterizing the incidence and distribution of RBF.

Evaluation of the efficacy of commercial and noncommercial tourniquets for extremity hemorrhage control in a perfused cadaver model.

Background: Tourniquets are a critical tool in the immediate response to life-threatening extremity hemorrhage; however, the optimal tourniquet type and effectiveness of noncommercial devices remain unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of five tourniquets in a perfused-cadaver model.

Methods: This prospective study used a perfused-cadaver model with standardized superficial femoral artery injury bleeding at 700 mL/min.