Post-Sterilization Physicochemical Characterization and Biological Activity of Cellulose Nanocrystals Coated with PDDA.

The rapid expansion of medical nanotechnology has significantly broadened the potential applications of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). While CNCs were initially developed for drug delivery, they are now being investigated for a range of advanced biomedical applications. As these applications evolve, it becomes crucial to understand the physicochemical behavior of CNCs in biologically relevant media to optimize their design and ensure biocompatibility.

The effects of regular home delivery of HIV self-testing and follow-up counselling on HIV testing and prevention outcomes in men who have sex with men who test infrequently in the United States: a pragmatic, virtual randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Past research shows that HIV self-testing (HIVST) can increase testing and facilitate more HIV diagnoses relative to clinic testing. However, in the United States, the use of HIVSTs is limited due to concerns that those who use HIVST could be less likely to be linked to care.

Methods: From January 2019 to April 2022, we recruited 811 men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States who tested infrequently using an online marketing campaign and randomized them 1:1:1 to receive one of the following every 3 months for a year: (1) text message reminders to get tested at a local clinic (control); (2) mailed HIVST kits with access to a free helpline (standard HIVST); and (3) mailed HIVST kits with counselling provided within 24 hours of opening a kit (eTest).

Quality of Blood Pressure Monitoring During Telehealth Visits for Pregnant Patients at Risk of Preeclampsia.

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Laser speckle rheological microscopy reveals wideband viscoelastic spectra of biological tissues.

Viscoelastic transformation of tissue drives aberrant cellular functions and is an early biomarker of disease pathogenesis. Tissues scale a range of viscoelastic moduli, from biofluids to bone. Moreover, viscoelastic behavior is governed by the frequency at which tissue is probed, yielding distinct viscous and elastic responses modulated over a wide frequency band.

Complete mesocolic excision for right colon cancer: Is D3 lymphadenectomy necessary?

Aim: Although complete mesocolic excision (CME) for colon cancer is oncologically sound, to date, there has been no consensus on the extent of lymphadenectomy in radical right colectomy. This study essentially compared the perioperative and survival outcomes of CME with two templates of lymphadenectomy for right colon cancer.

Method: This was a propensity matched, retrospective analysis of a single centre, prospectively maintained database of all patients undergoing elective right colectomy for nonmetastatic, biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma from November 2013 to October 2018.

Extent of glaucomatous damage on the first presentation.

Aim: The aim is to determine the magnitude of glaucomatous damage in the asymptomatic subjects identified with primary glaucoma for the first time and thus to evaluate the significance and efficacy of screening measures for glaucoma.

Materials And Methods: An observational retrospective cohort study of 100 asymptomatic patients of age more than 40 years, diagnosed with and under treatment for primary glaucoma was performed. Patients were categorized into having early, moderate, and severe glaucoma, according to standard automated perimetry (SAP) mean deviation (MD) in the worse eye (<-6, -6 to -12 and >-12 dB, respectively).

Vertical Ridge Augmentation Using Distraction Osteogenesis Versus Autogenous Bone Grafting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to systematically assess the papers comparing the surgical techniques of Alveolar Distraction Osteogenesis(ADO) and Autogenous Bone grafting (ABG) for Vertical Ridge Augmentation in terms of bone gain, bone resorption and incidences of complications.

Metholodology: The review was registered on PROSPERO with the ID : CRD42021237671. A broad electronic survey was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Virtual Health Library databases of all studies published till 08/03/2022.

Regeneration of collecting lymphatic vessels following injury.

Secondary lymphedema is a debilitating condition driven by impaired regeneration of lymphatic vasculature following lymphatic injury, surgical removal of lymph nodes in cancer patients or infection. However, the extent to which collecting lymphatic vessels regenerate following injury remains unclear. Here, we employed a novel mouse model of lymphatic injury in combination with state-of-the-art lymphatic imaging to demonstrate that the implantation of an optimized fibrin gel following lymphatic vessel injury leads to the growth and reconnection of the injured lymphatic vessel network, resulting in the restoration of lymph flow to the draining node.

Speckle rheological spectroscopy reveals wideband viscoelastic spectra of biological tissues.

Mechanical transformation of tissue is not merely a symptom but a decisive driver in pathological processes. Comprising intricate network of cells, fibrillar proteins, and interstitial fluid, tissues exhibit distinct solid-(elastic) and liquid-like (viscous) behaviours that span a wide band of frequencies. Yet, characterization of wideband viscoelastic behaviour in whole tissue has not been investigated, leaving a vast knowledge gap in the higher frequency range that is linked to fundamental intracellular processes and microstructural dynamics.

A tale of two waves: Delineating diverse genomic and transmission landscapes driving the COVID-19 pandemic in Pune, India.

Background: Modern response to pandemics, critical for effective public health measures, is shaped by the availability and integration of diverse epidemiological outbreak data. Tracking variants of concern (VOC) is integral to understanding the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in space and time, both at the local level and global context. This potentially generates actionable information when integrated with epidemiological outbreak data.

Challenges and recommendations to improve institutional review boards' review of community-engaged research proposals: A scoping review.

Academic and community investigators conducting community-engaged research (CEnR) are often met with challenges when seeking Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. This scoping review aims to identify challenges and recommendations for CEnR investigators and community partners working with IRBs. Peer-reviewed articles that reported on CEnR, specified study-related challenges, and lessons learned for working with IRBs and conducted in the United States were included for review.

Personality Changes and Staring Spells in a 12-Year-Old Child: A Case Report Incorporating ChatGPT, a Natural Language Processing Tool Driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Low grade gliomas (LGGs) are the most common type of brain tumors diagnosed in children. The presentation of intracranial tumors in pediatric patients is varied and diverse. The early identification and treatment of LGGs are important to achieve favorable outcomes.

Long term complications of costochondral graft reconstruction in temporomandibular joint ankylosis of the young- a systematic review.

Costochondral graft has been a popular reconstruction choice in the past for temporomandibular joint ankylosis in young individuals. However, accounts of growth hampering complications have also been observed. Our systematic review aims to compile all existing evidence to determine the occurrence of these unfavourable clinical outcomes as well as factors affecting them to provide a better judgement on further use of these grafts.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon's Perspective on Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome - A Report of Two Cases.

Rationale: Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) is an autosomal dominant disorder and is associated with multisystem involvement, multiple cysts, neoplasms and other developmental anomalies. The purpose of the study was to highlight the incidental findings of GGS and to lay emphasis on its early diagnosis.

Patient Concerns: Two patients complaining of pain, swelling and at times pus discharge from the oral cavity were reported with a coincidental finding of odontogenic keratocysts and positive family history.

Placental Inflammation Leads to Abnormal Embryonic Heart Development.

Background: Placental heart development and embryonic heart development occur in parallel, and these organs have been proposed to exert reciprocal regulation during gestation. Poor placentation has been associated with congenital heart disease, an important cause of infant mortality. However, the mechanisms by which altered placental development can lead to congenital heart disease remain unresolved.

Phase III randomized clinical trial of BV-4051, an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation in moderate SARS-CoV-2 infections and its impact on inflammatory biomarkers.

SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants continue to be a challenge inspite of widespread vaccination and preventive measures. We hypothesized an oral, safe polyherbal formulation with antiinflammatory properties may improve the clinical outcome of this disease. BV-4051, a formulation from four Ayurvedic plants namely Ashwagandha, Boswellia, Ginger and Turmeric was used for the treatment of hospitalized moderate COVID-19 patients along with standard of care (SOC).

Neutrophil-T cell crosstalk and the control of the host inflammatory response.

While fundamental in their innate role in combating infection and responding to injury, neutrophils are emerging as key modulators of adaptive immune responses. Such functions are attained via both soluble and nonsoluble effectors that enable at least two major downstream outcomes: first, to mediate and control acute inflammatory responses and second, to regulate adaptive immunity and ultimately promoting the development and maintenance of immune tolerance either by releasing immuno-modulatory factors, including cytokines, or by directly interacting with cells of the adaptive immune system. Herein, we review these novel properties of neutrophils and redefine the pathophysiological functions of these fascinating multi-tasking cells, exploring the different mechanisms through which neutrophils are able to either enhance and orchestrate T cell pro-inflammatory responses or inhibit T cell activity to maintain immune tolerance.

Robotic esophagectomy and 3-field lymphadenectomy with intraoperative nerve monitoring.

The standard of care for esophageal malignancies has evolved over the years from open transthoracic esophagectomy to a minimally invasive approach due to the reduction in surgical trauma and significant impact on postoperative outcomes. Minimally invasive approaches include video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. These minimally invasive approaches have an attendant learning curve that early-career surgeons are required to negotiate before achieving proficiency in the procedure.

Assessing Change in Participation in Clinical Evaluations of Deployed Veterans with Medically Unexplained Symptoms.

Many deployed veterans experience issues reintegrating into civilian life. Addressing this in a clinical setting can prove challenging; however, assessing participation, defined as involvement in a life situation by the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, may be helpful. The Community Reintegration of Injured Service Members-Computer Adaptive Test (CRIS-CAT) is a measure of participation developed and validated in veteran populations.

Shared accountability in distributed leadership for improved healthcare access: a study of a US dental institution.

Purpose: Accountability within distributed leadership (DL) is critical for DL to drive positive outcomes in health services organizations. Despite this, how accountability emerges in DL is less clear. This study aims to understand how accountability emerges in DL so that distributed leaders can drive improvements in healthcare access - an increasingly important outcome in today's health services environment.

Amyloid pathology disrupts gliotransmitter release in astrocytes.

Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) is associated with synaptic dysfunction and destabilization of astrocytic calcium homeostasis. A growing body of evidence support astrocytes as active modulators of synaptic transmission via calcium-mediated gliotransmission. However, the details of mechanisms linking Aβ signaling, astrocytic calcium dynamics, and gliotransmission are not known.