A Robust One-Step Recombineering System for Enterohemorrhagic .

Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) can cause severe diarrheic in humans. To improve therapy options, a better understanding of EHEC pathogenicity is essential. The genetic manipulation of EHEC with classical one-step methods, such as the transient overexpression of the phage lambda (λ) Red functions, is not very efficient.

Bacteriophages of Shiga Toxin-Producing and Their Contribution to Pathogenicity.

Shiga toxins (Stx) of Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) are generally encoded in the genome of lambdoid bacteriophages, which spend the most time of their life cycle integrated as prophages in specific sites of the bacterial chromosome. Upon spontaneous induction or induction by chemical or physical stimuli, the genes are co-transcribed together with the late phase genes of the prophages. After being assembled in the cytoplasm, and after host cell lysis, mature bacteriophage particles are released into the environment, together with Stx.

Carriage of Shiga toxin phage profoundly affects Escherichia coli gene expression and carbon source utilization.

Background: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) are intestinal pathogenic bacteria that cause life-threatening disease in humans. Their cardinal virulence factor is Shiga toxin (Stx), which is encoded on lambdoid phages integrated in the chromosome.

Comparative virulence characterization of the Shiga toxin phage-cured Escherichia coli O104:H4 and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli O104:H4 (E. coli O104:H4), which caused in 2011 a massive foodborne outbreak in Germany, is characterized by an unusual combination of virulence traits. E.