Correlation between bone scintigraphy and tumor markers in patients with breast carcinoma.

A characteristic feature of many cancer types is their ability to metastasise to the skeleton. Bone is the most common site of metastatic invasion, after hematogenous spreading of breast cancer. Early detection of bone metastases is mandatory in the evaluation and management of these patients.

The relationship between the serum prostate specific antigen and whole body scintigraphy in prostate cancer patients after prostatectomy.

Background And Aim: Bone metastases are of the most frequent in prostate cancer. Serum prostate specific antigen--PSA has been suggested as an accurate means of monitoring prostate cancer. Whole body scintigraphy are currently the most widely used diagnostic procedures for metastases to the bone, the most common site of distant tumor spread.

Role of bone scintigraphy and tumor marker-Ca 15-3 in detection of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer affecting women. After hematogenous spreading of cancer, axial skeleton is most frequently involved. Bone scintigraphy is commonly performed in detection and evaluation of bone metastases.

Prevalence of hepatic granulomas in chronic hepatitis B.

An increasing frequency of hepatic granulomas, up to 10%, in chronic hepatitis C patients is reported, and their presence is considered to be a predictor of treatment success. However, there is only one prevalence study on granuloma in chronic hepatitis B, and its significance for treatment outcome is unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatic granulomas in a larger group of chronic hepatitis B patients and to compare their presence with the response to interferon therapy.

[Therapy of chronic hepatitis C].

Advantages in diagnostic and treatment of hepatitis C during the last decade have changed the final outcome of disease. Most important improvements were: development of sensitive, specific and standardized tests for hepatitis C nucleic acid identification, combined treatment with ribavirin and alpha interferon, pegylation of alpha interferon and prove that sustained viral response is optimal surrogate for treatment outcome. Combination of pegyinterferon and ribavirin offered the most efficacious and most suitable treatment with SVR between 54-56%.

[Therapy of chronic viral hepatitis B].

In chronic HBV infection, studies of outcome have shown that successful antiviral treatment undertaken early in course of diseases, may improve health and quality of life. Aims of treatment are: decrease of aminotransferase level to normal, histological necroinflammatory reduction, sustain loss of HbeAg and HBV DNA, antibodies on Hbe occurrence and loss of HbsAg with complete eradication of viral infection. Three therapeutical options are available: thymosine, lamivudine and standard interferon alpha.

[Liver biopsy and indications].

Liver biopsy by needle through skin is safe, simple and valuable method for diagnostic evaluation of liver disease. Diffuse parenchymal diseases as cirrhosis, hepatitis, reactions in drugs could be diagnosed with significant accuracy. With increased usage of CT and MRI as well as ultrasound, it is possible to perform aspiration biopsy of isolated changes with thin needles.

[Imaging procedures in gastroenterology].

Recent achievements in fields of physics, microelectronical devices and informatical sciences opened huge possibilities of applications in medical specialities. Spread imaging over routine high-resolution instruments continue to be in focus of scientific researches varying from simple staining techniques to most sophisticated photodynamical techniques. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are radiological specialties, however; we mentioned them for promising achievements in computed data analysis and further improvements of virtual colonoscopy.

Management of esophageal varices.

The important developments have been made in the field of the portal hypertension and the variceal bleeding. Baverno meeting was organized to make consensus in different terminologies about the portal hypertension. Blockers of beta receptors are still mainstay in primary prophilaxis of variceal bleeding and endoscopic variceal ligation is ultimative.