Analysis of cerebral glucose metabolism following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage over 7 days.

Little is known about changes in brain metabolism following SAH, possibly leading towards secondary brain damage. Despite sustained progress in the last decade, analysis of in vivo acquired data still remains challenging. The present interdisciplinary study uses a semi-automated data analysis tool analyzing imaging data independently from the administrated radiotracer.

Angiosarcoma on Top of a Meningioma Mimicking a Transosseous Meningioma: an Interdisciplinary Point of View.

Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare type of sarcoma with poor prognosis. Meningioma is the most frequent benign intracranial tumor. Despite the fact that meningiomas are mostly benign, bone and skin can be infiltrated.

Case Report: A Case Series Using Natural Anatomical Gaps-Posterior Cervical Approach to Skull Base and Upper Craniocervical Meningiomas Without Bone Removal.

Removal of anteriorly located tumors of the upper cervical spine and craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is a particular surgical challenge. Extensive approaches are associated with pain, restricted mobility of neck and head and, in case of foramen magnum and clivus tumors, with retraction of brainstem and cerebellum. Four symptomatic patients underwent resection of anteriorly located upper cervical and lower clivus meningiomas without laminotomy or craniotomy using a minimally invasive posterior approach.

Therapeutic hypercapnia for prevention of secondary ischemia after severe subarachnoid hemorrhage: physiological responses to continuous hypercapnia.

Temporary hypercapnia has been shown to increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) and might be used as a therapeutical tool in patients with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It was the aim of this study was to investigate the optimum duration of hypercapnia. This point is assumed to be the time at which buffer systems become active, cause an adaptation to changes of the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO) and annihilate a possible therapeutic effect.

Neuroprotective Strategies in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH).

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains a disease with high mortality and morbidity. Since treating vasospasm has not inevitably led to an improvement in outcome, the actual emphasis is on finding neuroprotective therapies in the early phase following aSAH to prevent secondary brain injury in the later phase of disease. Within the early phase, neuroinflammation, thromboinflammation, disturbances in brain metabolism and early neuroprotective therapies directed against delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) came into focus.

Impact of acetylsalicylic acid in patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery - should the neurosurgeon really worry about it?

There has been an increase in the use of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, Aspirin®) among patients with stroke and heart disease as well as in aging populations as a means of primary prevention. The potentially life-threatening consequences of a postoperative hemorrhagic complication after neurosurgical operative procedures are well known. In the present study, we evaluate the risk of continued ASA use as it relates to postoperative hemorrhage and cardiopulmonary complications in patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery.

Early Antiinflammatory Therapy Attenuates Brain Damage After Sah in Rats.

Background: Early inflammatory processes may play an important role in the development of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Experimental studies suggest that anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing drugs might have beneficial effects, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early treatment with methylprednisolone and minocycline on cerebral perfusion and EBI after experimental SAH.

Acute reaction of arterial blood vessels after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage - An in vivo microscopic study.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in a rapid decrease of cerebral perfusion. While cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) may quickly recover, a sustained decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been observed. Acute vasospasm has been concluded from this mismatch.

Magnesium Protects in Episodes of Critical Perfusion after Aneurysmal SAH.

Background: To analyze whether magnesium has a neuroprotective effect during episodes that indicate a critical brain perfusion after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: 107 patients with aSAH were randomized to continuously receive intravenous magnesium sulfate with target serum levels of 2.0 - 2.

Imaging of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations and Arteriovenous Fistulas and Occlusion Control Using Intraoperative 3-Dimensional Rotational Fluoroscopy.

Background: Intraoperative resection or occlusion control is indispensable in the surgery of vascular anomalies. This can be conducted using local vascular imaging modalities or angiographic techniques. This series was performed to assess whether cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVFs) can be detected in a sufficient quality by intraoperative 3-dimensional (3D) fluoroscopy with intravenous contrast application.

Early Administration of Hypertonic-Hyperoncotic Hydroxyethyl Starch (HyperHES) Improves Cerebral Blood Flow and Outcome After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats.

Objective: Early cytotoxic brain edema may be a decisive factor that maintains cerebral malperfusion after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In addition, endothelial cell swelling may be an independent factor restricting cerebral blood flow (CBF) in a very early stage after SAH. Immediate and aggressive treatment may be able to restore CBF in this critical period.

Early Transient Mild Hypothermia Attenuates Neurologic Deficits and Brain Damage After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats.

Objective: Metabolic exhaustion in ischemic tissue is the basis for a detrimental cascade of cell damage. In the acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a sequence of global and focal ischemia occurs, threatening brain tissue to undergo ischemic damage. This study was conducted to investigate whether early therapy with moderate hypothermia can offer neuroprotection after experimental SAH.

First Description of Reduced Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Enzyme Activity Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH).

Several previous studies reported metabolic derangements and an accumulation of metabolic products in the early phase of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which may contribute to secondary brain damage. This may be a result of deranged oxygen utilization due to enzymatic dysfunction in aerobic glucose metabolism. This study was performed to investigate, if pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme (PDH) is affected in its activity giving further hints for a derangement of oxidative metabolism.

Early NO-donor treatment improves acute perfusion deficit and brain damage after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

A lack of nitric oxide (NO) may be a possible factor in the pathogenesis of an acute decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study was conducted to investigate whether early therapy with an NO-donor can improve CBF and offer neuroprotection after experimental SAH in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to SAH by the endovascular filament model and treated with 1.