Comparative Rheology of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers, Poly-l-lactic Acid, and Varying Dilutions of Calcium Hydroxylapatite.

Background: This study examines the rheological properties of various dermal fillers, including hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), and calcium hydroxylapatite-carboxymethylcellulose (CaHA-CMC) gels, with a particular focus on the impact of aqueous dilution on CaHA-CMC's rheology and potential clinical implications.

Methods: Using standardized rheological analysis, we measured and compared the elastic modulus (G'), viscous modulus (G″), and the tan δ values of different dilutions of CaHA-CMC against published values of HA and PLLA fillers. The study aimed to determine the potential clinical use of application-specific CaHA-CMC hydrogel dilutions along a range of gel strength and cohesion for hydrogel fillers in current use.

Dilutional rheology of Radiesse: Implications for regeneration and vascular safety.

Background: Calcium hydroxylapatite-carboxymethylcellulose (CaHA-CMC) injectables have emerged as dual-purpose fillers with bioregenerative and direct filling capabilities.

Aims: This study investigates the rheological properties of CaHA-CMC and its CMC carrier gel at various dilutions.

Methods: The storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G″), complex viscosity (η*), loss factor (tan δ), cohesivity, and extrusion force were evaluated for a range of CaHA-CMC aqueous dilutions with an oscillatory rheometer, drop weight testing, and force analysis, respectively.

Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics and Biostimulatory Functions in Two Calcium Hydroxyapatite-Based Dermal Fillers.

Background:   Dermal fillers containing calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) are categorized as biostimulatory. However, differences in CaHA biomaterial likely affect the resultant induction of collagen synthesis, and variability in microsphere shape and size likely influences a patient’s immune response. This study compares 2 CaHA based fillers: one suspended in carboxymethylcellulose (denoted "CaHA/CMC"), and one crosslinked with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether to hyaluronic acid (denoted "CaHA/HA").

Development of emulsification resistant heavier-than-water tamponades using high molecular weight silicone oil polymers.

Purpose: Developing new blends of heavier-than-water silicone oil tamponade agents containing high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxane polymer for use in vitreoretinal surgery.

Materials And Methods: The viscoelastic properties of heavier-than-water silicone oil blends (30.5% F6H8 + 69.

Development and initial experience with a colored perfluorocarbon liquid for intraocular tamponade in vitreoretinal surgery.

Purpose: To present the development and initial experience of a novel colored perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) in vitreoretinal surgery.

Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study and prospective human interventional study. F6H8 (Fluoron GmbH) was colored by adding 0.

Colored perfluorocarbon liquids as novel intraoperative tools.

Background: Perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCLs) are used as intraoperative tools to stabilize the retina during vitreoretinal surgeries. Their use would be much facilitated if PFCLs were colored and not transparent. We describe the development of a colored PFCL for vitreoretinal surgeries.

Development of emulsification-resistant silicone oils: can we go beyond 2000 mPas silicone oil?

Purpose: To develop new blends of emulsification-resistant silicone oil based on high molecular weight (HMW) silicone oil for use as an endotamponade in vitreoretinal surgery.

Methods: Viscosity and elasticity of various silicone oil blends (Siluron 1000, Siluron 2000, Siluron 5000, 7% HMW + Siluron 1000, 10% HMW + Siluron 1000, and 15% HMW + Siluron 1000; Fluoron GmbH, Ulm, Germany) were measured using a piezoelectric axial vibrator. Emulsification was induced using a sonication device.