Microscale 3D Printing and Tuning of Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites.

The increasing demand for functional materials and an efficient use of sustainable resources makes the search for new material systems an ever growing endeavor. With this respect, architected (meta-)materials attract considerable interest. Their fabrication at the micro- and nanoscale, however, remains a challenge, especially for composites with highly different phases and unmodified reinforcement fillers.

The Ins and Outs of C Dating Lead White Paint for Artworks Application.

Lead white is known as one of the oldest pigments in art and can be used as a dating material. Upon production following the Stack process, the C isotope of atmospheric carbon dioxide is fixed in the carbonate, and its radiocarbon dating can be used as a proxy for the age of a painting. The previously reported carbonate hydrolysis protocol reaches its limitation when confronted with samples presenting a mixture of carbonates, such as lead carbonate (cerussite or hydrocerussite), calcium carbonate (calcite), and/or calcium magnesium carbonate (dolomite).

Uncovering modern paint forgeries by radiocarbon dating.

Art forgeries have existed since antiquity, but with the recent rapidly expanding commercialization of art, the approach to art authentication has demanded increasingly sophisticated detection schemes. So far, the most conclusive criterion in the field of counterfeit detection is the scientific proof of material anachronisms. The establishment of the earliest possible date of realization of a painting, called the , is based on the comparison of materials present in an artwork with information on their earliest date of discovery or production.

Derivatization Technique To Identify Specifically Carbonyl Groups by Infrared Spectroscopy: Characterization of Photooxidative Aging Products in Terpenes and Terpeneous Resins.

Analysis of bioorganic materials by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is frequently limited due to overlapping of diagnostic bands from the various components, which poses a fundamental problem to this analytical technique. The distinction of oxidized di- and triterpenes, for example, is hindered by the superposition of similar absorption bands of carbonyl functional groups summing up to a broad, nondistinctive signal. This study presents a technique for selective fluorination of various carboxylic acids by exposure to gaseous sulfur tetrafluoride.

Derivatization technique to increase the spectral selectivity of two-dimensional Fourier transform infrared focal plane array imaging: analysis of binder composition in aged oil and tempera paint.

The interpretation of standard Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) on oil-based paint samples often suffers from interfering bands of the different compounds, namely, binder, oxidative aging products, carboxylates formed during aging, and several pigments and fillers. The distinction of the aging products such as ketone and carboxylic acid functional groups pose the next problem, as these interfere with the triglyceride esters of the oil. A sample preparation and derivatization technique using gaseous sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4), was thus developed with the aim to discriminate overlapping signals and achieve a signal enhancement on superposed compounds.

Synthetic organic pigments of the 20th and 21st century relevant to artist's paints: Raman spectra reference collection.

Some 170 organic pigments relevant to artist's paints have been collected from historic collections and modern manufacturers. The number includes multiples of the same pigment from different sources and comprises 118 different color indices (C.I.