Cisplatin Induces Apoptosis Through the Endoplasmic Reticulum-mediated, Calpain 1 Pathway in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cells.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type that can be treated using platinum-based chemotherapy such as cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II). Although the calpain protein is essential in many cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell signaling, and proliferation, its role in cisplatin-induced apoptosis in TNBC cells is not fully understood.