The Role of Different Medical Therapies in the Management of Adenomyosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Adenomyosis is a benign condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium. Despite surgery being a valuable approach, medical options are considered as the first-line approach and have been investigated in the treatment of adenomyosis, although strong evidence in favor of these is still lacking. This study aims to gather all available data and determine the effectiveness of the aforementioned medical options in patients with associated pain and not currently seeking pregnancy, both in comparison to placebo and to one another.

Common Microbial Genital Infections and Their Impact on the Innate Immune Response to HPV in Cervical Cells.

The persistence of high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is a prerequisite of cervical cancer. It is not clear whether and how bacterial vaginosis (BV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause higher rates of persistent HPV infection. This study aimed to characterize mucosal innate immunity to HPV, comparing different conditions.

HPV Vaccination after Primary Treatment of HPV-Related Disease across Different Organ Sites: A Multidisciplinary Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To assess evidence on the efficacy of adjuvant human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in patients treated for HPV-related disease across different susceptible organ sites.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify studies addressing the efficacy of adjuvant HPV vaccination on reducing the risk of recurrence of HPV-related preinvasive diseases. Results were reported as mean differences or pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Selected Immunological Mediators and Cervical Microbial Signatures in Women with Chlamydia trachomatis Infection.

In the female genital ecosystem, the complex interplay between the host immune system and the resident microflora protects against urogenital pathogens, like is responsible for urethritis and cervicitis; however, most chlamydial infections are asymptomatic and, thus, not treated, potentially leading to severe reproductive sequelae. Here we investigated the interaction between the levels of selected immune mediators and the community state types of the cervical microbiota in -infected women. Cervical samples from 42 -positive women and 103 matched healthy controls were analyzed through the metagenomic analysis of the hypervariable region v4 of the 16S rRNA gene and the determination of lactoferrin, interleukin 1α (IL-1α), IL-6, alpha interferon (IFN-α), IFN-β, and IFN-γ by ELISA.

HPV/Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection: metagenomic analysis of cervical microbiota in asymptomatic women.

HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most common causes of sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. Most infections are asymptomatic and left untreated lead to severe reproductive tract sequelae such as cervical cancer and infertility. Interestingly, C.

Long-term Lactobacillus rhamnosus BMX 54 application to restore a balanced vaginal ecosystem: a promising solution against HPV-infection.

Background: Over recent years, a growing interest has developed in microbiota and in the concept of maintaining a special balance between Lactobacillus and other bacteria species in order to promote women's well-being. The aim of our study was to confirm that vaginal Lactobacilli long-lasting implementation in women with HPV-infections and concomitant bacterial vaginosis or vaginitis might be able to help in solving the viral infection, by re-establishing the original eubiosis.

Methods: A total of 117 women affected by bacterial vaginosis or vaginitis with concomitant HPV-infections were enrolled at Department of Gynecological Obstetrics and Urological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy between February 2015 and March 2016.

Interferon lambda4 polymorphism is not associated with human papillomavirus infection outcome.

Interferon (IFN) lambdas are important specific components of the mucosal innate immune response. The IFN lambda 4 (IFNL4) dinucleotide polymorphism (ΔG/TT) determines the IFN lambdas and related Interferon-stimulated genes activation, in HCV and other chronic infections. Our group first reported that IFN Lambda response was impaired in high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) cervical infections and in precancerous lesions.

Diversity of Cervical Microbiota in Asymptomatic Genital Infection: A Pilot Study.

genital infection continues to be an important public health problem worldwide due to its increasing incidence. infection can lead to severe sequelae, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, obstructive infertility, and preterm birth. Recently, it has been suggested that the cervico-vaginal microbiota may be an important defense factor toward infection as well as the development of chronic sequelae.

Restoring vaginal microbiota: biological control of bacterial vaginosis. A prospective case-control study using Lactobacillus rhamnosus BMX 54 as adjuvant treatment against bacterial vaginosis.

Purpose: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most prevalent lower genital tract infection in reproductive-age women worldwide. BV is an ecological disorder of the vaginal microbiota characterized microbiologically by replacement of the lactobacilli, predominant vaginal microbiota. It is characterized by a high rate of relapse in sexual active women, and these patients show three or more relapses each year.

Vulvodynia: current opinion and treatment strategies.

Vulvodynia is a women's health problem that may affect as many as 15% of women who seek gynecological care, and yet little attention is given to this condition and it is frequently dismissed as psychosomatic. Thus, vulvodynia still remains a major health problem in Western countries, leading to significant morbidity and a reduced quality of life for many women. This condition carries large costs incurred as a result of both medical treatment and lost productivity.

TLR9 is expressed in human papillomavirus-positive cervical cells and is overexpressed in persistent infections.

Control of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection involves the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), key components of the mucosal antiviral response. Available studies on TLR expression in HPV-positive cervical cells are limited and reported conflicting results. This study quantified TLR 2, 3, 4, 7 and 9 transcripts in low-risk (LR) and high-risk (HR) HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical samples from 154 women attending a gynaecological clinic.

Interferon lambda 1 expression in cervical cells differs between low-risk and high-risk human papillomavirus-positive women.

Persistent infection by high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) types is a prerequisite for progression to cancer. HR-HPVs may lead to a deregulation of innate immunity by interfering with the epithelial type I interferon (IFN) response, whereas very little is known about type III IFNs, a key component of the mucosal antiviral response. This study reports a first attempt to evaluate the activation of type III IFN genes (IFN lambda 1-3), IFN lambda receptor genes (IFN-lambdaR1 and IL10R2), and IFN-induced genes (MxA, ISG15, ISG56) in HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical cells from 154 women attending the gynecological unit of a university hospital in Rome.

Direct sequencing of HPV DNA detected in gynaecologic outpatients in Rome, Italy.

In order to assess the frequency of different human papillomavirus (HPV) types in Rome and the association between HPV and behavioural characteristics, we tested cervical scrapes of a population of sexually active women referring to university clinics for routine gynaecologic care. The presence of HPV DNA was revealed by polymerase chain reaction on two genome regions (L1 and E6/E7) followed by sequencing. Thirty different HPV types were identified; HPV 16 was the most prevalent (14.